Top Ten World-West Traffic Tunnels in China

1 The world's longest twin-hole highway tunnel

The Qinling Zhongnanshan Highway Tunnel has a double tunnel of 36.04 kilometers, the longest in the world. It is also the world's first special long mountain highway tunnel with double tunnels and one-way driving. Its uniqueness lies in its internationally leading disaster prevention and rescue system, monitoring and management system, operation service system and the most advanced special light belt. This colorful light belt creates natural scenes such as "blue sky", "white clouds" and "rainbow" through the changes of different color lights and slide patterns. Together with the trees and flowers on both sides of the tunnel road, it constitutes a pastoral scenery of nature, which not only beautifies the internal environment of the tunnel, but also relieves driving fatigue.

2 The world's longest highway spiral tunnel

The Jinjiazhuang Extra-Long Spiral Tunnel on the Yan (Qing) Chong (Li) Expressway is known as the world's longest highway spiral tunnel. Its left line is 4,228 meters long, the right line is 4,104 meters long, and the height difference between the entrance and exit is more than 250 meters, far exceeding other highway spiral tunnels in the world in terms of length and height difference. The Yanchong Expressway to which this tunnel belongs is a major transportation guarantee project for the Beijing Winter Olympics. The construction of the tunnel takes into account "green", "comfortable" and "innovative", adopts a number of new technologies and processes, and has obtained 17 new utility patents and 5 invention patents.

3The world's highest super-long highway tunnel

The Queershan Tunnel, which connects Ganzi County and Derge County, has an entrance at an altitude of 4,378 meters and a total length of 12.99 kilometers, making it the world's highest super-long highway tunnel. This tunnel is a key project for crossing the Queershan Mountain. It is a two-way two-lane tunnel with a designed speed of 40 kilometers per hour. Its completion shortens the original 2-hour detour to more than 10 minutes, indicating that my country's highway tunnel construction has reached the world's top level. The Queershan Tunnel has complex geology, including frozen soil, water gushing, faults, rock bursts, ventilation and oxygen supply and other obstacles.

4The world's highest plateau railway tunnel with the longest mileage through frozen soil

The Fenghuoshan Tunnel of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is located on Fenghuoshan at an altitude of 5,010 meters. It is 1,338 meters long and is the highest plateau permafrost tunnel in the world and the longest tunnel across the frozen soil zone. It is known as the "world's first high tunnel". The climate environment in the Fenghuoshan area is extremely harsh, with high cold and lack of oxygen, and the lowest temperature is around -40°C, which brings great difficulties to the construction of the tunnel. The construction workers established the highest oxygen production station in the world, purchased advanced construction equipment, built a high-pressure steam boiler, a heating station and a tunnel insulation and cooling system in the tunnel, and solved a series of problems such as temperature control of concrete construction in the tunnel, and finally successfully completed the tunnel.

5 The world's longest plateau railway tunnel

The Xinguanjiao Tunnel of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is located in Tianjun County, Qinghai Province, in the Xining-Geermu section. It is 32.645 kilometers long, making it the world's longest plateau railway tunnel and a key project for the second line of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Xige Railway. On December 28, 2014, the Xinguanjiao Tunnel was officially completed and opened to traffic. Its completion has ushered in a new era in the construction of railway tunnels in the world, marking that my country's tunnel construction level has reached a new height. During the difficult construction, the builders strived for innovation and adopted more than ten new innovative construction measures, achieving new breakthroughs in plateau frozen soil railway construction technology.

6 The world's longest railway tunnel across the Loess Plateau

The Shangge Village Tunnel on the Xi'an-Yinchuan high-speed railway line is 6.78 kilometers long and is the world's longest railway tunnel crossing the loess plateau. The loess thickness of the loess plateau is hundreds of meters deep, and groundwater runs off and is widely distributed in the clay loess layer in the form of pore water. The geology is complex and it is very easy to seep and collapse. The tunnel is located in a deep and water-rich loess geological zone with extremely strong collapsible properties, and its loess layer is the thickest in the world. Due to the extremely high soil content of loess, it is very easy to settle, deform, and even burst water and mud, so the construction risk is very high. In response to this global construction problem, the construction workers overcame the difficulties and successfully completed the construction task. The Shangge Village Tunnel was completed and opened to traffic at the end of 2020, and the train is designed to run at a speed of 250 kilometers per hour.

7The world's largest single-tube double-deck tunnel that crosses the lake bottom

The Slender West Lake Tunnel in Yangzhou is an east-west passage north of Wenchang Road in Yangzhou City. This tunnel is constructed by a super-large shield machine with a diameter of 14.93 meters, making it the world's largest diameter single-tube double-layer lakebed tunnel. The tunnel adopts a single-tube double-layer scheme, with two lanes on the upper and lower layers. The total length of the upper and lower passages is 5,589 meters, of which the shield tunnel is 1,275 meters long and 14.5 meters in diameter. The designed speed is 60 kilometers per hour. The Slender West Lake Tunnel, which starts from the flat ground and passes through the lake bottom, is like a dragon leaping out of the ground, breaking the east-west traffic bottleneck in Yangzhou City.

8The world's largest diameter shield submarine tunnel

The Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel is a tunnel that connects Shanghai and the southwest of Changxing Island. It is 8.9 kilometers long, of which the submarine section accounts for about seven-eighths. This tunnel uses a two-way pipeline design technology, and two pipelines are mined in parallel using two shield machines. The two super-large shield machines have a diameter of 15.43 meters and a one-time excavation distance of 7.5 meters, which is the largest in the world. Therefore, this tunnel is known as the world's largest diameter shield submarine tunnel. The geology of the tunnel area is complex, and the soil has been eroded by running water for a long time, making the construction very difficult. However, the construction workers rose to the challenge and completed the project in just 5 years, which was listed as one of the world's miracle projects.

9The China-Laos Railway Tunnel has won many world records

The Anding Tunnel of the China-Laos Railway is located at the junction of Yuanjiang County and Mojiang County in Yunnan Province. It is a first-level high-risk tunnel along the entire line, crossing 20 faults and 2 syncline structures, involving harmful gases, karst, water gushing, high ground stress, high geothermal and other harsh geological conditions. The scale of the project, the difficulty of construction, and the engineering risks are extremely rare in tunnel construction at home and abroad. In the construction of the 17.5-kilometer-long tunnel, the construction workers created many world records, namely the longest tunnel, the longest auxiliary tunnel, the longest single inclined shaft, the most faults, the maximum burial depth, the maximum deformation, the maximum single-head construction length, and the maximum water pressure.

10 The world's longest subsea immersed tunnel

The most critical part of the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge undersea tunnel is the construction of an offshore immersed tube tunnel. The completed Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge immersed tube tunnel is the longest and only deep-buried immersed tube tunnel in the world today. This submarine immersed tube tunnel is 6.7 kilometers long and is made up of 33 sections of immersed tubes, and the butt joints require millimeter-level deviations. The most difficult part of the construction is the installation of offshore immersed tubes. Each section of the immersed tube weighing tens of thousands of tons must be transported to the construction site, then accurately sunk to the designated position, and precisely docked with the previous immersed tube. The docking of each section of the immersed tube requires the joint cooperation of hundreds of people to complete. The immersed tube tunnel is buried 46 meters deep, which is also the deepest immersed tube tunnel in the world.