Cancer incidence maps for each province released! Check out which cancer you need to be most careful about!

Nasopharyngeal cancer is more common in Guangdong and Guangxi, thyroid cancer is more common in Tianjin and Zhejiang, and prostate cancer is more common in economically developed areas. On March 22, the Chinese Journal of Oncology published a major article from the National Cancer Center and the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, announcing the prevalence data of malignant tumors in China in 2016, and providing the prevalence of major cancer spectrum in each province for the first time.

Image source: Chinese Journal of Oncology

This report is based on the 2016 malignant tumor registration data reported by various tumor registries across the country to the National Cancer Registry Center, covering a total population of 380 million, including 192 million urban residents and 188 million rural residents. The incidence and mortality rates of different tumors were calculated by gender, urban and rural areas, and age stratification . [1]

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Many people wonder why the data is from 2016? This is because it takes time to collect, organize and verify national data, so cancer data reporting is usually delayed.

01

Cancer incidence map of each province

1. Looking at the whole country: Among the five most common cancers, lung cancer still ranks first!

From a national perspective, lung cancer ranks first in the number of malignant tumors in China. In 2016, there were approximately 828,100 new cases of lung cancer in China. Other common malignant tumors include colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer , etc. The incidence of the top five malignant tumors accounts for approximately 57.27% of all malignant tumors.

2. From the perspective of men and women: Lung cancer is more common in men, while breast cancer is more common in women!

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor among men, with approximately 549,800 new cases in 2016. Other common malignant tumors among men are liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer. The incidence of the top 10 malignant tumors accounts for approximately 82.33% of all malignant tumors in men.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women, with approximately 306,000 new cases in 2016. Other common malignant tumors among women are lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer and gastric cancer. The top 10 malignant tumors among women account for approximately 78.90% of all malignant tumors among women.

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3. From a regional perspective, these three types of cancer are more common in these provinces!

(1) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Guizhou

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ranks 20th in the incidence of malignant tumors nationwide, but ranks 6th in Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Hainan Province, and is also in the top 10 in Jiangxi and Guizhou.

(2) Thyroid cancer: Tianjin, Zhejiang, and Xinjiang

Thyroid cancer ranks 7th in the country, but has risen to 2nd in Tianjin, Zhejiang, and Xinjiang. Thyroid cancer mainly occurs in women, ranking 4th in urban women and 8th in rural women. In the past 10 years, the incidence of thyroid cancer in women has increased by more than 20% each year.

(3) Prostate cancer: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang

The high incidence of prostate cancer is found in cities with a high level of social and economic development, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, etc.

Image source: Health Times

02

Focus on preventing these high-incidence cancers!

According to the report "Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China in 2016" released by the National Cancer Center, there are several "high-incidence cancers" for both men and women, and the key is to prevent them!

The most common cancers in men are lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer. These five types of cancer account for about 68.83% of all newly diagnosed cancers in men. In other words, by preventing these five types of cancer, men can prevent 68.83% of cancers.

The most common cancers in women are breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, and gastric cancer. These five types of cancer account for approximately 56.11% of all cancer deaths in women. By preventing these five types of cancer, women can prevent 56.11% of cancers. [2]

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1. Prevent lung cancer - stay away from the "five qi"

Lungs cannot live without breathing, and they cannot live without gases. Professor Zhi Xiuyi, Director of the Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Capital Medical University and Chief Expert of Thoracic Surgery of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, reminds that to prevent lung cancer, one must stay away from the "five gases":

The "one air" refers to smog and PM2.5. When people breathe, PM2.5 will be directly inhaled into the lungs, inducing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Long-term exposure to smog weather can lead to poisoning by harmful substances and a high incidence of lung cancer.

The “secondary gases” are the smoke pollution in tobacco smoke. There are hundreds of harmful substances in tobacco, including more than 60 carcinogens. Long-term exposure to the indoor environment polluted by smoke for more than 20 years will become an important factor in the development of lung cancer.

The "three gases" are kitchen fumes. Long-term exposure to kitchen fume pollution, fuel pollution such as gas stoves, fume pollution during cooking, coal heating, and coal or gas pollution in the kitchen environment are also common causes of lung cancer.

The "four air" refers to indoor air pollution. Harmful substances from house decoration materials have increased in recent years, among which radon pollution is closely related to the incidence of lung cancer.

The “five qi” refers to what we often call anger and sulking. Anger is called “psychological pollution” or “cancer personality”. If you are in a bad mood, always sulking, and usually feel “under great pressure”, and become overly anxious and depressed when encountering setbacks, it can cause the body’s immune function to decline and can also cause the occurrence of tumors. [3]

2. Prevent gastric cancer - check for Helicobacter pylori

In December 2021, the National Institute of Toxicology under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services released the 15th edition of the Carcinogen Report, in which the most notable is that chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is listed as a clear human carcinogen. In 2017, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer published a list of carcinogens, which also listed Helicobacter pylori (infection) as a Class 1 carcinogen.

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Li Jingnan, chief physician of the Department of Gastroenterology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, said that Helicobacter pylori is the only bacterium found so far that can survive in the high gastric acid concentration in the stomach. It produces a special urease and releases some alkaline substances such as ammonia to neutralize gastric acid and create a living environment. It affects the gastric environment and stomach wall structure, causing patients to develop chronic gastritis. Further development can lead to gastric wall erosion, gastric ulcers, and even gastric cancer. [4]

3. Prevent liver cancer - reverse fatty liver

Luo Xiaojun, chief physician of the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors at Chongqing Cancer Hospital, said that fatty liver disease has become the second most common liver disease in my country after viral hepatitis. Fatty liver disease can easily turn into fatty liver hepatitis, which can lead to cirrhosis, and cirrhosis can turn into liver cancer. This is what is medically known as the "fatty liver deterioration trilogy."

Dr. Luo Xiaojun reminds us that adjusting diet is the basic method for treating most chronic fatty liver diseases, and is also an important measure to prevent and control the progression of fatty liver diseases. Eating foods rich in dietary fiber regularly can help excrete toxins from the body. Controlling high-fat diets can reduce the occurrence of fatty liver diseases. It is also recommended to exercise for at least 30 minutes a day, with the feeling of accelerated heartbeat and breathing as the standard for exercise effect (with a pulse rate of 100 to 160 beats per minute during exercise). [5]

4. Prevent colorectal cancer - have a colonoscopy after age 50

Wang Xishan, director of the Department of Colorectal Surgery at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, said in a live broadcast program "People's Famous Doctors" hosted by the People's Daily Health Client in 2019 that the recommended target population for colorectal cancer screening in my country is people aged 50 to 74, but I think that colonoscopy screening should not be stuck at a fixed age. It should be done if there are indications, such as gastrointestinal symptoms (blood in the stool, changes in stool characteristics, mucus in the stool, abdominal pain) and family history. In addition, people with chronic appendicitis and gallstones, long-term mental stress, and a history of thyroid cancer, breast cancer or lung cancer are all at high risk of colorectal cancer.

Generally speaking, if there are no problems with the first colonoscopy, you can have a second one five years later. [6]

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5. Prevent breast cancer - stay away from high-risk factors

At present, primary prevention of breast cancer is still difficult to achieve, so prevention is mainly aimed at high-risk factors. For example, reducing the intake of estrogen-containing drugs and foods; regular diet and work and rest; eating less fried, high-sugar, and high-fat foods; eating more fresh fruits and vegetables; regulating mood and arranging physical exercise and sleep reasonably; for women of childbearing age, giving birth and breastfeeding as early as possible are beneficial to the prevention of breast cancer.

Adult women should have a breast examination in time, which generally includes breast ultrasound and mammography. Breast ultrasound is suitable for women of any age. Mammography is recommended for women over 40 years old and high-risk groups. In addition, if a lump is found in the breast, it must be taken seriously and sought medical attention in time. [7]

6. Prevent esophageal cancer - don't eat hot food

Xiang Jiaqing, chief physician of the Department of Thoracic Surgery at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, said that foods like hot pot are relatively hot and can easily damage the esophageal mucosa. If such a diet is maintained for a long time, it is easy to cause cancer if the esophageal mucosa is repeatedly repaired. Pickled foods should be eaten as little as possible, as they contain a lot of carcinogens and are closely related to the onset of tumors. [8]

7. Prevent thyroid cancer - keep a good mood

Wu Yijun, director of the Thyroid Diagnosis and Treatment Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, published an article in Health Times in 2019, stating that long-term improper iodine intake, excessive or insufficient intake; excessive stress in women; people taking hormones or diuretics; radioactive examinations or treatments; and improper diet are all high-risk factors for thyroid cancer.

Therefore, to prevent thyroid cancer, you should maintain a good mood, eat less spicy foods, try to quit smoking and drinking, eat less high-fat and high-cholesterol foods, and eat more vegetables and fruits containing vitamin C, which can reduce the occurrence of thyroid nodules. [9]

References:

[1] Analysis of the prevalence of malignant tumors in China in 2016, Chinese Journal of Oncology, 2023, 45(3): 212-220. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20220922-00647

[2]Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2016https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667005422000047

[3] 2015-08-31 Health Times: “A cardiothoracic surgery head nurse’s advice on lung cancer prevention”

[4] 2020-07-11 "People's Famous Doctor" live broadcast

[5] 2022-09-20 Health Times “What diseases are related to cancer?”

[6] 2019-12-24 Health Times: “Pay attention to these things in preventing and treating colorectal cancer”

[7] 2020-09-21 People's Daily Health Account "Dr. Peng Shulian" "Breast cancer likes to rely on these 12 types of people. Early detection and prevention, you need to do this! "

[8] 2018-05-22 Health Times: "Many cancers are caused by diet!"

[9] 2019-11-19 Health Times: Thyroid cancer has a family tendency

Source: Health Times

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