Why are domestic chips highly dependent on imports?
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In 2013, the scale of China's chip imports reached 232.2 billion US dollars, exceeding that of oil. 90% of the domestic chips are imported, and the country is heavily dependent on foreign countries. Why? According to the 2014 "Economic Blue Book" released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences at the end of last year, although the domestic industrial economy has overcapacity, it still relies on imports in some key areas. For example, 90% of the domestic chips are imported. Chips are known as the "industrial food" of a country and the "heart" of all complete equipment. They are widely used in several major fields such as computers, consumer electronics, network communications, and automotive electronics. However, my country's chip industry has long been controlled by others. Not only are computer CPUs in the hands of Intel and AMD, but even the chips for air conditioners and DVD players have to rely on imports. In terms of industrial scale, technical level, market share, etc., the domestic chip industry has a large gap with international leading companies such as Intel, Samsung, and Qualcomm. Even with Taiwanese companies, there is still a big gap. In 2012, HiSilicon Semiconductor, which ranked first in the mainland, had sales of only one-third of Taiwan's MediaTek. The main reasons for this phenomenon include: 1. The high-end IC design capability of chips is not strong. The industrial chain of the semiconductor industry is divided into three stages: upstream, midstream and downstream. Correspondingly, enterprises are roughly divided into design enterprises, IC manufacturing enterprises, and packaging and testing enterprises. The upstream is the IC design enterprise, which converts the design requirements of the system, logic and performance into a specific physical layout. The enterprises in the midstream are wafer foundry, undertake these IC designs and make them into chips. Then they are handed over to the downstream enterprises in the industrial chain for packaging and testing, and assemble the chips into products. The IC (Integrated Circuit) design of the chip is to put the integrated circuit formed by a large number of microelectronic components (transistors, resistors, capacitors, diodes, etc.) IC chips on a plastic substrate to make a chip. Now almost all the chips you see can be called IC chips. A large part of the reason why China relies heavily on imported integrated circuits is that Chinese companies lag behind in high-end IC design. Due to the late start of my country's chip industry, the technical disadvantages are more obvious, the chips produced are relatively rough, and the quality cannot be guaranteed. This has led to the domestic chip industry being in the downstream for a long time, and its share is not high. Taiwan's MediaTek is a global leader in IC design, and its annual profit is equivalent to the total annual profit of hundreds of domestic peers. 2. Over-reliance on government support Most domestic chip IC design companies engaged in high-end research and development basically do not conduct market research when developing high-end products. The most common practice is to have products first and then find the market. The source of this practice that violates market rules lies in the mentality of many IC design companies to take shortcuts. When IC design companies develop high-end products, they generally position their products as "Chinese chips" and hype themselves up to fill a certain domestic gap. Then they use this as a bargaining chip to seek support from the government in all aspects from funding to procurement. This also reflects the dilemma in the field of high-end chip design in China: due to weak technical strength, there is no market for the chips produced, and they can only seek support from the government. However, this mentality of relying on government support has in turn affected the normal investment of enterprises, causing enterprises to fall into a vicious cycle of development and cannot extricate themselves. 3. Determined by the overall situation of the industry The chip industry is updated very quickly, and the industry threshold is high, the investment is huge, but the return is slow. In order to achieve the maximum investment and return ratio, domestic enterprises generally purchase foreign intellectual property rights to shorten the product development cycle. However, this also leads to dependence on foreign technology. At the same time, chip research and development is now not only about hardware design, but also requires simultaneous design of hardware and software. That is, while designing the circuit, it is also necessary to write the software for how to use the circuit. The overall development level and vertical integration level of the industrial chain are also key factors affecting the development of the domestic chip industry. However, the domestic semiconductor industry is still in its infancy and lacks a mechanism of mutual trust. For manufacturing companies, adopting the solutions of domestic chip design companies often means higher market risks, and the development of the entire industrial chain cannot form a joint force. Even from the user's perspective, when they choose a certain electronic product, the parameters they are familiar with are generally from foreign brands. When buying a mid-to-high-end electronic product, if a domestic brand appears in the parameters, consumers are less likely to accept it. At present, the driving force of the domestic chip industry mostly comes from the government. The country supports chip companies through policy support, but this is not a long-term solution. Enterprises need to further strengthen their technological innovation capabilities. Only by breaking through technology can they achieve a breakthrough in the market. As a winner of Toutiao's Qingyun Plan and Baijiahao's Bai+ Plan, the 2019 Baidu Digital Author of the Year, the Baijiahao's Most Popular Author in the Technology Field, the 2019 Sogou Technology and Culture Author, and the 2021 Baijiahao Quarterly Influential Creator, he has won many awards, including the 2013 Sohu Best Industry Media Person, the 2015 China New Media Entrepreneurship Competition Beijing Third Place, the 2015 Guangmang Experience Award, the 2015 China New Media Entrepreneurship Competition Finals Third Place, and the 2018 Baidu Dynamic Annual Powerful Celebrity. |
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