Flies are a wide-ranging group of Diptera insects, and the common housefly is just one type. In fact, there are many different species of flies, with vastly different appearances and habits. Some suck blood, some transmit diseases, and some help decompose organic matter. This article will introduce you to 20 common and unusual fly species, helping you quickly identify different types and understand their characteristics and potential harms.
1. Cabbage fly (Delia sp.)
Small in size, only 7–9 mm long, it is commonly found in Europe. It primarily damages cruciferous plants such as cabbage and turnips, and is a common agricultural pest causing significant economic losses.
2. House fly (Musca domestica)
One of the most familiar fly species to humans, it is widely distributed globally. Measuring approximately 8–10 millimeters in length, it is a significant vector for disease transmission, capable of spreading various pathogens such as cholera and typhoid.
3. Bombylius major (bumblebee fly)
It closely resembles a bumblebee in appearance, is yellow with hairs on its back, and is about 1–1.5 cm long. Adults feed on nectar, while eggs are parasitic in the hive, and larvae feed on bee pupae.
4. March fly (Bibio marci)
Distributed in Europe, they often fly in swarms. Adults emerge mainly in late April and are often found in low-lying grasses. The larvae feed on plant roots and can become crop pests.
5. Sarcophaga carnaria (fly)
Widely distributed across Eurasia, it feeds on carrion and often lays its eggs on corpses. The larvae feed on carrion and have significant forensic and ecological value.
6. Damp Moth Fly (Clogmia albipunctata)
Commonly known as the "sewer fly," its wings are covered with fine hairs and have white spots. The larvae are mostly born in damp and dark environments, such as drains and tree holes.
7. Tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans)
Primarily distributed in Africa, it is a spreader of sleep disorders. Possessing piercing-sucking mouthparts, it feeds on blood and poses a significant threat to the health of humans and animals.
8. Apple fly (Rhagoletis pomonella)
Native to North America, it is a pest of apple trees and other fruit trees. The larvae hatch and feed inside the fruit, often causing fruit rot and reduced yield.
9. Yellow dung fly (Scatophaga stercoraria)
They are commonly found near cow and horse manure. The eggs are laid in the manure, and the larvae feed on the manure. The adults also feed on small insects.
10. Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
It is extremely small, only 3 millimeters long, and prefers to eat ripe fruit. It is one of the most commonly used experimental models in genetic research.
Other noteworthy fly species include:
Bee fly (Eristalis tenax)
Dancing fly (Empis tessellata)
Mule fly (Hippobosca equina)
Helicopter fly (Episyrphus baleatus)
Housefly (Fannia canicularis)
Blue bottle fly (Calliphora vicina)
Green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata)
Bill Gates (Eristalis Gatesi)
Top floor fly (Pollenia rudis)
Yellow spiky fly (Laphria flava)
Understanding these fly species not only helps us identify and control pests, but also helps us better understand the importance of insect ecosystems.
