Learn common Mac commands to help iOS development

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Heavy technology

Preface

In the process of iOS development, pay more attention to the efficiency of iOS development. Being proficient in using the common commands of Mac terminal operations can help you better handle the heavy iOS development. This article focuses on the commonly used basic commands and shortcut keys of Mac terminal, which is more suitable for some iOS novices to learn and understand.

Mac OS X File System

Mac OS X itself is based on Unix kernel, adopts Unix multi-user system, adopts Unix file system, all files are placed under the root directory /Users, there is no concept of drive letter under Windows, after the user logs in to the system, his user directory generally has public, pictures, manuscripts, downloads, music, movies, sites, desktop, resource library, OS X has been internationalized for Chinese users, open the terminal, enter ls, you will see the real directory name: Desktop, Documents, Downloads, Library, Movies, Music, Pictures, Public, Sites. Continue to enter cd / in the terminal, switch to the root directory, type ls, so that you can basically see the full picture of the Unix directory.

As shown in the following figure:

Terminal screenshot

Among them, some common file locations are as follows:

1. Driver location/Systme/Library/Extensions;

2. The location of the desktop is /User/username/Desktop;

3. The file wildcard is asterisk *

4. In Unix systems, uppercase and lowercase characters are distinguished. A.txt is not equal to a.txt.

The root directory symbol / is not optional. cd /System means to go to the root directory.

System, and cd System means go to the System in the current directory.

Basic commands commonly used in Mac terminal

List files: ls parameter directory name Example: View the driver directory: ls/System/Library/Extensions, (parameter -w displays Chinese, -l detailed information, -a includes hidden files);
Change directory: cd For example: change to the driver directory cd /System/Library/Extensions;
Create a new directory: mkdir directory name. For example, create a backup directory backup in the driver directory, mkdir /System/Library/Extensions/backup;
Create a backup directory backup on the desktop, mkdir /User/username/Desktop/backup;
Copy file: cp parameter source file target file Example: If you want to copy Natit.kext on the desktop to the driver directory, cp -R /User/username/Desktop/Natit.kext /System/Library/Extensions; the parameter R means recursive operation on the directory. kext looks like a file in the graphical interface, but it is actually a folder.
Back up all files in the driver directory to the desktop backup
cp -R /System/Library/Extensions/* /User/username/Desktop/backup;
Delete file: rm parameter file example: if you want to delete the driver cache rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions.kextcache, rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions.mkext, the parameter -rf means recursion and force, and your system will be paralyzed after executing rm -rf /;
Move files: mv file, for example: if you want to move AppleHDA.Kext to the desktop, mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext /User/username/Desktop,
Want to move AppleHDA.Kext to the backup directory mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext /System/Library/Extensions/backup;
Text editor: nano File name Example: Edit natit Info.plist nano /System/Library/Extensions/Natit.kext/Info.plist;
Directory Operations:

Command Name	Functional Description	Usage Examples
mkdir	Create a Directory	mkdir dirname
rmdir	Deleting a Directory	rmdir dirname
mvdir	Move or rename a directory	mvdir dir1 dir2
cd	Change the current directory	cd dirname
pwd	Display the pathname of the current directory	pwd
ls	Display the contents of the current directory	ls -la

File Operations:

Command Name	Functional Description	Usage Examples
cat	Display or connect to a file	cat filename
od	Display the contents of non-text files	od -c filename
cp	Copying a file or directory	cp file1 file2
rm	Deleting a file or directory	rm filename
mv	Change the file name or directory	mv file1 file2
find	Find files using a matching expression	find . -name “*.c” -print
file	Display file types	file filename

Select an action:

Command Name	Functional Description	Usage Examples
head	Display the first few lines of a file	head -20 filename
tail	Display the last few lines of a file	tail -15 filename
cut	Display certain fields in each line of a file	cut -f1,7 -d: /etc/passwd
colrm	Remove several columns from standard input	colrm 8 20 file2
diff	Compare and display the differences between two files	diff file1 file2
sort	Sort or merge files	sort -d -f -u file1
uniq	Remove duplicate lines from a file	uniq file1 file2
comm	Display the common and non-common lines of two ordered files	comm file1 file2
wc	Count characters, words and lines in a file	wc filename
nl	Add line numbers to files	nl file1 >file2

Process Operation:

Command Name	Functional Description	Usage Examples
ps	Display the current status of the process	ps u
kill	Terminate a process	kill -9 30142

Time Operation:

Command Name	Functional Description	Usage Examples
date	Displays the current date and time of the system	date
cal	Show Calendar	cal 4 2016
time	Statistics of program execution time	time a.out

Network and communication operations:

Command Name	Functional Description	Usage Examples
telnet	Remote login	telnet hpc.sp.net.edu.cn
rlogin	Remote login	rlogin hostname -l username
rsh	Execute the specified command on the remote host	rsh f01n03 date
ftp	Transfer files between local and remote hosts	ftp.sp.net.edu.cn
rcp	Copy files between local and remote hosts	rcp file1 host1:file2
mail	Read and send emails	mail
write	Send a message to another user	write username pts/1
mesg	Allow or deny receiving messages	mesg n
ping	Send an echo request to a network host	ping hpc.sp.net.edu.cn

Korn Shell Commands:

Command Name	Functional Description	Usage Examples
history	List the most recently executed commands and their numbers	history
r	Repeat the most recently executed command	r -2
alias	Define an alias for a command	alias del=rm -i
unalias	Undefine an alias	unalias del
rcp	Copy files between local and remote hosts	rcp file1 host1:file2
mail	Read and send emails	mail
write	Send a message to another user	write username pts/1
mesg	Allow or deny receiving messages	mesg n

Other commands:

Command Name	Functional Description	Usage Examples
uname	Display information about the operating system	uname -a
clear	Clear the screen or window contents	clear
alias	Define an alias for a command	alias del=rm -i
unalias	Undefine an alias	unalias del
who	Displays all currently set environment variables	who
whoami	Displays the user name currently performing the operation	whoami
tty	Display the name of the terminal or pseudo-terminal	tty
du	Query disk usage	du -k subdir
stty	Display or reset control key definitions	stty -a
df/tmp	Displays the total and available space on the file system	-
w	Displays a summary of current system activity	-

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