If your blood sugar level after a meal is higher than this value, you have diabetes! Many people ignore this.

Hyperglycemia was once considered a disease of the elderly and a disease of affluence.

But now more and more young and middle-aged friends

Faced with the threat of high blood sugar

Many people even want to give themselves a piercing when they have nothing to do.

I'm afraid my blood sugar won't stabilize.

But when should blood sugar be measured?

How high is high?

Especially how to look at "postprandial blood sugar"

I'm afraid many people didn't understand

Today, let me give you some scientific knowledge

Many people with high blood sugar and diabetes know that to measure blood sugar, they need to measure "fasting blood sugar", the kind that you get after being hungry all night.

Fasting blood sugar: fasting for at least 8 hours overnight (no food, can drink water), blood sugar measured before breakfast the next day, in a quiet state, without obvious physical activity.

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Generally speaking, different blood sugar values ​​correspond to different blood sugar states:

Less than 6.1mmol/L is normal blood sugar;

Between 6.1 and 7.0 mmol/L is called impaired fasting glucose (IFG);

A value greater than 7.0mmol/L indicates diabetes (clinical diagnosis also needs to be combined with other indicators, and this is only used here as an indicator to distinguish between high and low blood sugar).

This should be a point of knowledge that every diabetic knows. After all, every day starts with getting up early and measuring blood sugar.

Many of our medical examination institutions only check fasting blood sugar when screening for diabetes, but in fact, postprandial blood sugar is also very important!

Postprandial blood sugar generally refers to "blood sugar 2 hours after the first bite of food":

Less than 7.8mmol/L is normal blood sugar;

7.8~11.1mmol/L is defined as impaired glucose tolerance ;

Greater than 11.1 is diabetes.

Some diabetics may have this question: Since we have tested fasting blood sugar, why do we need to test postprandial blood sugar? Isn’t fasting blood sugar more accurate?

In fact, whether it is people with suspected diabetes or confirmed diabetes, or the general population screening for diabetes, postprandial blood sugar and fasting blood sugar are both very important, and they have different functions.

Fasting blood sugar can intuitively show the basic blood sugar level of the human body.

However, for those of us who eat cereal-based foods for a long time, blood sugar levels 2 hours after a meal are equally important, and may even rise before fasting blood sugar levels.

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Many patients with early diabetes or prediabetes have normal fasting blood sugar levels, but problems with their blood sugar levels 2 hours after a meal.

Therefore, relying solely on fasting blood sugar to screen or evaluate diabetes control is often one-sided, and postprandial blood sugar is also important!

It is not just the blood sugar level 2 hours after a meal that needs our attention. A large number of observational studies have found that blood sugar level 1 hour after a meal (1-h PG) ≥8.6mmol/L is directly related to type 2 diabetes.

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Recently, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) released the "IDF Position Statement on Diagnosis of Moderate Hyperglycemia and Type 2 Diabetes Based on Blood Glucose One Hour After Load", proposing:

OGTT 1-hour blood glucose should be used as the standard for diagnosing moderate hyperglycemia (IH) and type 2 diabetes, and the 2-hour observation point should be advanced to 1 hour to facilitate earlier detection and diagnosis of diabetes.

It was also pointed out that moderate hyperglycemia confirmed by blood glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin one hour after a meal is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other complications, and is more reliable than fasting blood glucose, which shows the importance of postprandial blood glucose.

A study in Clinical Nutrition compared the effects of eating different foods as the first bite on postprandial blood sugar and found that:

Eating vegetables or meat first and staple food last can significantly affect postprandial blood sugar without causing obvious fluctuations.

In contrast, if you eat the staple food first, or mix a bite of vegetable and a bite of rice together, your blood sugar will rise faster after the meal.

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I used to like to eat two big mouthfuls of rice at a time, but I have to control my eating habits and not eat as much as before. In addition, eating slowly is also good for controlling blood sugar.

Of course, controlling blood sugar does not only rely on diet. When the effect is not good, you should see a doctor and take medicine when necessary. You can't resist it.

First of all, according to the "Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in China (2020 Edition)", the following high-risk groups cannot escape:

Adults at high risk include:

(1) History of prediabetes;

(2) Age ≥40 years;

(3) body mass index (BM) ≥24 kg/㎡ and/or central obesity (waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women);

(4) first-degree relatives have a history of diabetes;

(5) Those who lack physical activity;

(6) Women with a history of delivering a macrosomia or gestational diabetes;

(7) Women with a history of polycystic ovary syndrome;

(8) Those with acanthosis nigricans;

(9) Those with a history of hypertension or currently receiving antihypertensive treatment;

(10) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <0.90mmol/L and/or triglycerides >2.22mmol/L, or those who are receiving lipid-lowering drugs;

(11) History of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD);

(12) History of steroid use;

(13) Long-term treatment with antipsychotics or antidepressants;

(14) The total score of the Chinese Diabetes Risk Score is ≥25 points.

Children and adolescents at high risk include:

BMI ≥ 85th percentile for corresponding age and sex, combined with at least one of the following three risk factors, namely, the mother has diabetes during pregnancy (including gestational diabetes): a first-degree or second-degree relative has a history of diabetes; the presence of a clinical condition related to insulin resistance (such as acanthosis nigricans, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia).

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These people must go to the hospital for diabetes screening. If the first screening is normal, it is recommended to be screened every 3 years.

In addition, you need to monitor your blood sugar regularly , establish a healthy lifestyle, and control blood lipids, blood pressure, uric acid and weight.

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Even if you are not in a high-risk group, it is recommended that you undergo regular physical examinations and screen for diabetes, and young people are no exception!

After all, the current trend of type 2 diabetes is younger people. Only early screening and early intervention can minimize or delay the occurrence of diabetes and its complications.

Statement: This article is a medical-related educational popular science article. It does not involve specific treatment methods or medical behaviors and cannot replace hospital visits.

Experts collaborating on this article

References

[1] International Diabetes Federation Position Statement on the 1-hour post-load plasma glucose for the diagnosis of intermediate hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes. Bergman, Michael et al. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Volume 209, 111589.

[2] Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in China (2020 edition). Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 2021, 13(4): 315-409. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20210221-00095

Content Production

Editor: Zhang Fuyao

Map: Eastern Zhou Dynasty