China National Bureau of Statistics: Statistical Communiqué on National Economic and Social Development 2017

In 2017, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, all regions and departments continuously strengthened their political awareness, awareness of the overall situation, core awareness and awareness of keeping in line with the central leadership, thoroughly implemented the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, conscientiously studied and implemented the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress, and took Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guidance, followed the arrangements of the Central Economic Work Conference and the Government Work Report, adhered to the general working principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, unswervingly implemented the new development concept, focused on improving the quality and efficiency of development, coordinated the promotion of the "five-in-one" overall layout and the coordinated promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, took supply-side structural reform as the main line, and coordinated the promotion of various tasks such as stabilizing growth, promoting reform, adjusting structure, benefiting people's livelihood and preventing risks. The economic operation was stable with progress, improving steadily and better than expected, and the economy and society maintained stable and healthy development.

According to preliminary calculations, the GDP ^[2] for the whole year was 82,712.2 billion yuan, an increase of 6.9% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 6,546.8 billion yuan, an increase of 3.9%; the added value of the secondary industry was 33,462.3 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1%; and the added value of the tertiary industry was 42,703.2 billion yuan, an increase of 8.0%. The added value of the primary industry accounted for 7.9% of the GDP, the added value of the secondary industry accounted for 40.5%, and the added value of the tertiary industry accounted for 51.6%. The contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth was 58.8%, the contribution rate of gross capital formation was 32.1%, and the contribution rate of net exports of goods and services was 9.1%. The per capita GDP for the whole year was 59,660 yuan, an increase of 6.3% over the previous year. The total national income ^[3] for the whole year was 82,501.6 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0% over the previous year.

At the end of the year, the total population of the mainland was 1,390.08 million, an increase of 7.37 million over the end of the previous year. Among them, the permanent urban population was 813.47 million, accounting for 58.52% of the total population (urbanization rate of permanent population), an increase of 1.17 percentage points over the end of the previous year. The urbanization rate of registered population was 42.35%, an increase of 1.15 percentage points over the end of the previous year. The number of births in the whole year was 17.23 million, with a birth rate of 12.43‰; the number of deaths was 9.86 million, with a death rate of 7.11‰; and the natural growth rate was 5.32‰. The number of people with different household registrations ^[4] in the country was 291 million, of which the floating population ^[5] was 244 million.

At the end of the year, there were 776.40 million employed people nationwide, of which 424.62 million were employed in urban areas. The number of newly employed people in urban areas was 13.51 million, an increase of 370,000 over the previous year. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.90% at the end of the year, down 0.12 percentage points from the end of the previous year. The total number of migrant workers ^[7] in the country was 286.52 million, up 1.7% over the previous year. Among them, 171.85 million were migrant workers, up 1.5%; and 114.67 million were local migrant workers, up 2.0%.

The annual consumer price index rose by 1.6% year-on-year. The ex-factory prices of industrial producers rose by 6.3%. The purchasing prices of industrial producers rose by 8.1%. The prices of fixed asset investment rose by 5.8%. The producer prices of agricultural products ^[8] fell by 3.5%.

In December, the number of cities with month-on-month year-on-year increase in sales prices of newly built commercial housing among 70 large and medium-sized cities was 61, 5 fewer than in January; the number of cities with month-on-month decrease was 9, an increase of 5.

At the end of the year, the country's foreign exchange reserves reached 3,139.9 billion US dollars, an increase of 129.4 billion US dollars over the end of the previous year. The average exchange rate of RMB for the whole year was 1 US dollar to 6.7518 RMB, a depreciation of 1.6% over the previous year.

The supply-side structural reform was steadily advanced . The national industrial capacity utilization rate ^[10] was 77.0% for the whole year, up 3.7 percentage points from the previous year. Among them, the capacity utilization rate of coal mining and washing industry was 68.2%, up 8.7 percentage points from the previous year; the capacity utilization rate of ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry was 75.8%, up 4.1 percentage points. At the end of the year, the area of ​​commercial housing for sale was 589.23 million square meters, down 106.16 million square meters from the end of the previous year. Among them, the area of ​​commercial housing for sale was 301.63 million square meters, down 100.94 million square meters. At the end of the year, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 55.5%, down 0.6 percentage points from the end of the previous year. The cost of industrial enterprises above designated size per 100 yuan of main business income was 84.92 yuan for the whole year, down 0.25 yuan from the previous year; the expenses per 100 yuan of main business income was 7.77 yuan, down 0.2 yuan. The ecological protection and environmental governance industry, public facilities management industry, and agricultural fixed asset investment (excluding farmers) increased by 23.9%, 21.8%, and 16.4% respectively over the previous year.

New drivers, new industries and new formats are growing faster . The added value of strategic emerging industries ^[11] in industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 11.0% year-on-year. The added value of high-tech manufacturing ^[12] increased by 13.4%, accounting for 12.7% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size. The added value of equipment manufacturing ^[13] increased by 11.3%, accounting for 32.7% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size. The output of new energy vehicles reached 690,000 units, up 51.2% year-on-year; the output of smart TVs reached 96.66 million units, up 3.8%; the output of industrial robots reached 130,000 units (sets), up 81.0%; and the output of civil drones reached 2.9 million units, up 67.0%. Among the service industries above designated size ^[14] , the operating income of strategic emerging service industries ^[15] reached 4,123.5 billion yuan, up 17.3% year-on-year; and the operating profit reached 744.6 billion yuan, up 30.2%. The investment in high-tech industries ^[16] reached 4291.2 billion yuan, up 15.9% year-on-year, accounting for 6.8% of the total fixed asset investment (excluding farmers); the investment in industrial technological transformation ^[17] reached 10591.2 billion yuan, up 16.3%, accounting for 16.8% of the total fixed asset investment (excluding farmers). The online retail sales ^[18] reached 7175.1 billion yuan, up 32.2% year-on-year. Among them, the online retail sales reached 5480.6 billion yuan, up 28.0%, accounting for 15.0% of the total retail sales of consumer goods. Among the online retail sales, the growth of food products was 28.6%, the growth of clothing products was 20.3%, and the growth of daily necessities products was 30.8%. At the end of 2016, 25.1% of villages in China had e-commerce distribution sites.

Improved development quality and efficiency . The national general public budget revenue for the whole year was 17256.7 billion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year ^[19] . Among them, tax revenue was 14436.0 billion yuan, an increase of 1399.9 billion yuan or 10.7% over the previous year. The profits of industrial enterprises above designated size in the whole year were 7518.7 billion yuan, an increase of 21.0% over the previous year. In terms of economic types, state-controlled enterprises realized profits of 1665.1 billion yuan, an increase of 45.1% over the previous year; collective enterprises realized profits of 40 billion yuan, a decrease of 8.5%; joint-stock enterprises realized profits of 5240.4 billion yuan, an increase of 23.5%; foreign-invested enterprises and enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan realized profits of 1875.3 billion yuan, an increase of 15.8%; and private enterprises realized profits of 2375.3 billion yuan, an increase of 11.7%. In terms of categories, the mining industry realized profits of 458.7 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6 times over the previous year; the manufacturing industry realized profits of 6651.1 billion yuan, an increase of 18.2%; and the electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industry realized profits of 408.9 billion yuan, a decrease of 10.7%. The operating profit of service enterprises above designated size was RMB 2,364.5 billion, up 24.5% year-on-year. The annual labor productivity ^[20] was RMB 101,231 per person, up 6.7% year-on-year. The annual product quality qualification rate ^[21] of the manufacturing industry was 93.71%.

Note: The data from 2013 to 2016 in the figure are the final figures of the national general public budget revenue, and the data in 2017 are the executed figures.

The total grain planting area was 112.22 million hectares, a decrease of 810,000 hectares over the previous year. Among them, the wheat planting area was 23.99 million hectares, a decrease of 200,000 hectares; the rice planting area was 30.18 million hectares, a decrease of 2,000 hectares; the corn planting area was 35.45 million hectares, a decrease of 1.32 million hectares. The cotton planting area was 3.23 million hectares, a decrease of 120,000 hectares. The oilseed planting area was 14.20 million hectares, an increase of 70,000 hectares. The sugar planting area was 1.68 million hectares, a decrease of 10,000 hectares.

The annual grain output was 617.91 million tons, an increase of 1.66 million tons over the previous year, an increase of 0.3%. Among them, the summer grain output was 140.31 million tons, an increase of 0.8%; the early rice output was 31.74 million tons, a decrease of 3.2%; the autumn grain output was 445.85 million tons, an increase of 0.4%. The annual grain output was 564.55 million tons, a decrease of 0.1% over the previous year. Among them, the rice output was 208.56 million tons, an increase of 0.7%; the wheat output was 129.77 million tons, an increase of 0.7%; and the corn output was 215.89 million tons, a decrease of 1.7%.

The annual cotton output was 5.49 million tons, an increase of 3.5% over the previous year. The oilseed output was 37.32 million tons, an increase of 2.8%. The sugar output was 125.56 million tons, an increase of 1.7%. The tea output was 2.55 million tons, an increase of 6.0%.

The annual output of pork, beef, mutton and poultry meat was 84.31 million tons, an increase of 0.8% over the previous year. Among them, pork production was 53.40 million tons, an increase of 0.8%; beef production was 7.26 million tons, an increase of 1.3%; mutton production was 4.68 million tons, an increase of 1.8%; poultry production was 18.97 million tons, an increase of 0.5%. Poultry egg production was 30.70 million tons, a decrease of 0.8%. Milk production was 35.45 million tons, a decrease of 1.6%. At the end of the year, the number of live pigs on hand was 433.25 million, a decrease of 0.4%; the number of live pigs slaughtered was 688.61 million, an increase of 0.5%.

The annual output of aquatic products was 69.38 million tons, up 0.5% over the previous year, of which the output of farmed aquatic products was 52.81 million tons, up 2.7%; the output of captured aquatic products was 16.56 million tons, down 5.8%.

The annual timber output was 76.82 million cubic meters, a decrease of 1.2% from the previous year.

The total irrigated cultivated land area increased by 1.09 million hectares and the total efficient water-saving irrigation area increased by 1.44 million hectares.

The total industrial added value for the whole year was 27999.7 billion yuan, an increase of 6.4% over the previous year. The added value of industries above designated size increased by 6.6%. Among industries above designated size, by economic type, state-controlled enterprises increased by 6.5%; collective enterprises increased by 0.6%; joint-stock enterprises increased by 6.6%; foreign-invested enterprises and enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan increased by 6.9%; and private enterprises increased by 5.9%. By category, mining industry decreased by 1.5%, manufacturing industry increased by 7.2%, and electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industry increased by 8.1%.

In the whole year, among the industries above designated size, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 6.8% over the previous year, textile industry increased by 4.0%, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry increased by 3.8%, non-metallic mineral products industry increased by 3.7%, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry increased by 0.3%, general equipment manufacturing industry increased by 10.5%, special equipment manufacturing industry increased by 11.8%, automobile manufacturing industry increased by 12.2%, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 10.6%, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry increased by 13.8%, and electricity, heat production and supply industry increased by 7.8%. The added value of the six major energy-intensive industries ^[22] increased by 3.0%, accounting for 29.7% of the added value of industries above designated size.

At the end of the year, the national installed power generation capacity was 1,777.03 million kilowatts, an increase of 7.6% over the end of the previous year. ^[26] Among them, thermal power installed capacity was 1,106.04 million kilowatts, an increase of 4.3%; hydropower installed capacity was 341.19 million kilowatts, an increase of 2.7%; nuclear power installed capacity was 35.82 million kilowatts, an increase of 6.5%; grid-connected wind power installed capacity was 163.67 million kilowatts, an increase of 10.5%; and grid-connected solar power installed capacity was 130.25 million kilowatts, an increase of 68.7%.

The added value of the construction industry in the whole society was 5568.9 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3% over the previous year. The qualified general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises in the country realized a profit of 766.1 billion yuan, an increase of 9.7%. Among them, state-owned holding enterprises realized a profit of 231.3 billion yuan, an increase of 15.1%.

The total fixed asset investment in the whole society was 64123.8 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0% over the previous year ^[27] . Of this, fixed asset investment (excluding farmers) was 63168.4 billion yuan, an increase of 7.2%. By region ^[28] , investment in the eastern region was 26583.7 billion yuan, an increase of 8.3% over the previous year; investment in the central region was 16340.0 billion yuan, an increase of 6.9%; investment in the western region was 16657.1 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5%; and investment in the northeast region was 3065.5 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8%.

In fixed asset investment (excluding farmers), investment in the primary industry was 2089.2 billion yuan, up 11.8% over the previous year; investment in the secondary industry was 23575.1 billion yuan, up 3.2%; and investment in the tertiary industry was 37504 billion yuan, up 9.5%. Infrastructure investment ^[29] was 140005 billion yuan, up 19.0%, accounting for 22.2% of fixed asset investment (excluding farmers). Private fixed asset investment ^[30] was 381510 billion yuan, up 6.0%, accounting for 60.4% of fixed asset investment (excluding farmers). Investment in the six major energy-intensive industries was 64430 billion yuan, down 1.8%, accounting for 10.2% of fixed asset investment (excluding farmers).

The investment in real estate development was 10979.9 billion yuan in the whole year, up 7.0% over the previous year, of which residential investment was 7514.8 billion yuan, up 9.4%; office building investment was 676.1 billion yuan, up 3.5%; and commercial business premises investment was 1564.0 billion yuan, down 1.2%.

Throughout the year, 6.09 million shantytown housing units were started for renovation, 6.04 million shantytown housing units were basically completed, and 820,000 public rental housing units were basically completed. Throughout the year, 1.525 million dilapidated houses of registered poor households in rural areas were renovated. ^[33]

The total retail sales of consumer goods for the whole year was 36626.2 billion yuan, an increase of 10.2% over the previous year. According to the statistics of business location, the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas was 31429.0 billion yuan, an increase of 10.0%; the retail sales of consumer goods in rural areas was 5197.2 billion yuan, an increase of 11.8%. According to the statistics of consumption type, the retail sales of goods was 32661.8 billion yuan, an increase of 10.2%; the catering income was 3964.4 billion yuan, an increase of 10.7%.

Among the retail sales of goods of enterprises above the designated size, the retail sales of grain, oil, food, beverages, tobacco and alcohol increased by 9.7% over the previous year, clothing, shoes and hats, needle textiles increased by 7.8%, cosmetics increased by 13.5%, gold and silver jewelry increased by 5.6%, daily necessities increased by 8.0%, household appliances and audio-visual equipment increased by 9.3%, Chinese and western medicines increased by 12.4%, cultural and office supplies increased by 9.8%, furniture increased by 12.8%, communication equipment increased by 11.7%, construction and decoration materials increased by 10.3%, automobiles increased by 5.6%, and petroleum and products increased by 9.2%.

The total import and export volume of goods for the whole year was 27792.3 billion yuan, an increase of 14.2% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 15332.1 billion yuan, an increase of 10.8%; imports were 12460.2 billion yuan, an increase of 18.7%. The balance of imports and exports (exports minus imports) was 2871.8 billion yuan, a decrease of 473.4 billion yuan over the previous year. The total import and export volume with countries along the “Belt and Road” ^[35] was 7374.5 billion yuan, an increase of 17.8% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 4304.5 billion yuan, an increase of 12.1%; imports were 3070.0 billion yuan, an increase of 26.8%.

The total value of service imports and exports ^[36] for the whole year was 4699.1 billion yuan, up 6.8% over the previous year. Of this, service exports were 1540.7 billion yuan, up 10.6%; service imports were 3158.4 billion yuan, up 5.1%. The trade deficit in services was 1617.7 billion yuan.

In 2017, 35,652 new enterprises were established with foreign direct investment (excluding banks, securities and insurance), an increase of 27.8% over the previous year. The actual use of foreign direct investment was 877.6 billion yuan (equivalent to 131 billion US dollars), an increase of 7.9%, and the growth rate was 3.8 percentage points faster than the previous year. Among them, 3,857 new enterprises were established in China with direct investment from countries along the Belt and Road, an increase of 32.8%; the amount of direct investment in China was 37.4 billion yuan (equivalent to 5.6 billion US dollars). The actual use of foreign capital in high-tech manufacturing was 66.6 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3%.

The total outbound direct investment (excluding banking, securities and insurance) for the whole year was 810.8 billion yuan, or 120.1 billion US dollars in US dollars, a decrease of 29.4% over the previous year. Among them, the direct investment in countries along the Belt and Road was 14.4 billion US dollars.

The annual turnover of overseas contracting projects was 1,138.3 billion yuan, or 168.6 billion U.S. dollars, up 5.8% from the previous year. Among them, the turnover of countries along the Belt and Road was 85.5 billion U.S. dollars, up 12.6%, accounting for 50.7% of the turnover of overseas contracting projects. 520,000 laborers of all kinds were sent out for overseas labor cooperation, up 5.7%.

The total volume of cargo transported in the whole year was 47.9 billion tons, an increase of 9.3% over the previous year. The cargo transport turnover was 19613 billion ton-kilometers, an increase of 5.1%. The cargo throughput of ports above designated size was 12.6 billion tons in the whole year, an increase of 6.4% over the previous year, of which the foreign trade cargo throughput was 4 billion tons, an increase of 5.7%. The container throughput of ports above designated size was 236.8 million TEUs, an increase of 8.3%.

The total passenger volume for the year was 18.5 billion, down 2.6% from the previous year, and the passenger turnover was 3281.3 billion person-kilometers, up 5.0%.

At the end of the year, the number of civilian cars in China reached 217.43 million (including 8.2 million three-wheeled cars and low-speed trucks), an increase of 11.8% over the end of the previous year, of which private cars reached 186.95 million, an increase of 12.9%. The number of civilian cars reached 121.85 million, an increase of 12.0%, of which private cars reached 114.16 million, an increase of 12.5%.

The total business volume of the postal industry ^[37] reached 976.4 billion yuan in 2017, up 32.0% year-on-year. The postal industry completed 3.15 billion pieces of postal mail, 0.3 billion pieces of parcels and 40.06 billion pieces of express delivery. The express delivery business revenue was 495.7 billion yuan. The total business volume of telecommunications ^[38] reached 2755.7 billion yuan in 2017, up 76.4% year-on-year. The telecommunications industry added 236.46 million mobile phone switchboards ^[39] in 2017, reaching 2421.86 million. At the end of the year, the total number of telephone users in China reached 1611.25 million, of which 1417.49 million were mobile phone users. The penetration rate of mobile phones rose to 102.5 per 100 people. The number of fixed Internet broadband access users ^[40] reached 348.54 million, an increase of 51.33 million over the previous year, of which the number of fixed Internet fiber broadband access users ^[41] reached 293.92 million, an increase of 66.27 million over the previous year; the number of mobile broadband users ^[42] reached 1131.52 million, an increase of 190.77 million. Mobile Internet access traffic reached 24.6 billion G, an increase of 162.7% over the previous year. The number of Internet users reached 772 million, an increase of 40.74 million, of which the number of mobile Internet users ^[43] reached 753 million, an increase of 57.34 million. The Internet penetration rate reached 55.8%, of which the Internet penetration rate in rural areas reached 35.4%. The software and information technology service industry ^[44] achieved software business revenue of 550.37 billion yuan, an increase of 13.9% over the previous year.

The number of domestic tourists reached 5 billion, up 12.8% year-on-year; domestic tourism revenue reached 4566.1 billion yuan, up 15.9%. The number of inbound tourists reached 139.48 million, up 0.8%. Among them, 29.17 million were foreigners, up 3.6%; 110.32 million were Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots, the same as the previous year. Among the inbound tourists, 60.74 million were overnight tourists, up 2.5%. International tourism revenue reached 123.4 billion US dollars, up 2.9%. The number of domestic residents going abroad reached 142.73 million, up 5.6%. Among them, 135.82 million went abroad for personal reasons, up 5.7%; 86.98 million went to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, up 3.6%.

At the end of the year, the balance of broad money supply (M2) was 16.77 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.2% over the end of the previous year; the balance of narrow money supply (M1) was 5.44 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.8%; the balance of currency in circulation (M0) was 7.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.4%.

The increase in social financing scale for the whole year ^[45] was RMB 19.4 trillion, RMB 1.6 trillion more than the previous year on a comparable basis; the stock of social financing scale ^[46] at the end of the year was RMB 174.6 trillion, up 12.0% from the end of the previous year. At the end of the year, the balance of deposits of all financial institutions in RMB and foreign currencies was RMB 169.3 trillion, up RMB 13.7 trillion from the beginning of the year, of which the balance of deposits in RMB was RMB 164.1 trillion, up RMB 13.5 trillion. The balance of loans of all financial institutions in RMB and foreign currencies was RMB 125.6 trillion, up RMB 13.6 trillion, of which the balance of loans in RMB was RMB 120.1 trillion, up RMB 13.5 trillion.

At the end of the year, the balance of RMB loans of major rural financial institutions (rural credit cooperatives, rural cooperative banks, and rural commercial banks) was 1498.2 billion yuan, an increase of 156.02 billion yuan from the beginning of the year. The balance of RMB consumer loans of all financial institutions was 3151.94 billion yuan, an increase of 647.17 billion yuan. Among them, the balance of personal short-term consumer loans was 680.41 billion yuan, an increase of 187.24 billion yuan; the balance of personal medium- and long-term consumer loans was 2471.54 billion yuan, an increase of 459.93 billion yuan.

In 2017, listed companies raised 4,083.6 billion yuan through the domestic market, a decrease of 1,224.4 billion yuan from the previous year. Among them, 419 A-shares were subscribed for the first time, raising 218.6 billion yuan; A-share cash refinancing (including public additional issuance, private placement, rights issue, and preferred stock) was 920.9 billion yuan, a decrease of 417.8 billion yuan; listed companies raised 2,810.5 billion yuan through the issuance of bonds (including corporate bonds, convertible bonds, exchangeable bonds, and corporate asset-backed securities) through the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, a decrease of 856.3 billion yuan. In 2017, 2,176 new companies were listed on the National Equities Exchange and Quotations ^[47] , raising 133.6 billion yuan, a decrease of 3.95%.

The total amount of corporate debentures issued in 2017 ^[48] was RMB 5.64 trillion, a decrease of RMB 2.59 trillion from the previous year.

Insurance companies earned 3,658.1 billion yuan in premiums for the whole year ^[49] , up 18.2% year-on-year. Of this total, 2,145.6 billion yuan was earned in life insurance, 529.1 billion yuan in health and accident insurance, and 983.5 billion yuan in property insurance. Insurance companies paid 1,118.1 billion yuan in claims and benefits. Of this total, 457.5 billion yuan was earned in life insurance, 151.8 billion yuan in health and accident insurance, and 508.7 billion yuan in property insurance.

The national per capita disposable income ^[50] was RMB 25,974, up 9.0% year-on-year. After deducting price factors, the actual growth was 7.3%. The median per capita disposable income ^[51] was RMB 22,408, up 7.3%. By permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was RMB 36,396, up 8.3% year-on-year. After deducting price factors, the actual growth was 6.5%. The median per capita disposable income of urban residents was RMB 33,834, up 7.2%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was RMB 13,432, up 8.6% year-on-year. After deducting price factors, the actual growth was 7.3%. The median per capita disposable income of rural residents was RMB 11,969, up 7.4%. According to the five income groups of the country's residents ^[52] , the per capita disposable income of the low-income group was 5,958 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the lower-middle-income group was 13,843 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the middle-income group was 22,495 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the upper-middle-income group was 34,547 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of the high-income group was 64,934 yuan. The average monthly income of migrant workers nationwide was 3,485 yuan, an increase of 6.4% over the previous year.

The per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents was 18,322 yuan, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year. After deducting price factors, the actual growth was 5.4%. By permanent residence, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 24,445 yuan, an increase of 5.9%. After deducting price factors, the actual growth was 4.1%; the per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 10,955 yuan, an increase of 8.1%. After deducting price factors, the actual growth was 6.8%. The Engel coefficient was 29.3%, a decrease of 0.8 percentage points over the previous year, of which urban residents were 28.6% and rural residents were 31.2%.

According to the rural poverty standard of RMB 2,300 per person per year (constant price in 2010), at the end of 2017, the number of rural poor people was 30.46 million, a decrease of 12.89 million from the end of the previous year ^[53] ; the poverty incidence rate ^[54] was 3.1%, a decrease of 1.4 percentage points from the previous year. The per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas ^[55] was 9,377 yuan, an increase of 10.5% from the previous year. After deducting price factors, the actual increase was 9.1%.

At the end of the year, the number of people participating in the basic pension insurance for urban employees was 401.99 million, an increase of 22.69 million over the end of the previous year. The number of people participating in the basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents was 512.55 million, an increase of 4.08 million. The number of people participating in basic medical insurance was 1176.64 million, an increase of 432.72 million. Among them, the number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for employees was 303.20 million, an increase of 7.89 million; the number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 873.43 million ^[56] , an increase of 424.83 million. The number of people participating in unemployment insurance was 187.84 million, an increase of 6.95 million. At the end of the year, the number of people receiving unemployment insurance benefits was 2.20 million. The number of people participating in work-related injury insurance was 227.26 million, an increase of 8.36 million, of which 78.07 million were migrant workers participating in work-related injury insurance, an increase of 2.97 million. The number of people participating in maternity insurance was 192.40 million, an increase of 7.89 million. At the end of the year, a total of 12.64 million urban residents received minimum living security, 40.47 million rural residents received minimum living security, and 4.67 million rural people received assistance and support for the extremely poor ^[57] . Throughout the year, 52.03 million people were subsidized to participate in basic medical insurance, and 35.36 million people received medical assistance. The state provided pensions and subsidies to 8.59 million people of various types of preferential treatment.

Throughout the year, graduate education ^[58] enrolled 805,000 students, with 2,639,000 students enrolled and 578,000 graduates. Regular undergraduate and junior college enrollment was 7,615,000, with 27,536,000 students enrolled and 7,358,000 graduates. Secondary vocational education ^[59] enrolled 5,824,000 students, with 15,925,000 students enrolled and 4,969,000 graduates. Regular high schools enrolled 8,001,000 students, with 23,745,000 students enrolled and 7,757,000 graduates. Junior high schools enrolled 15,472,000 students, with 44,421,000 students enrolled and 13,975,000 graduates. Regular primary schools enrolled 17,666,000 students, with 100,937,000 students enrolled and 15,659,000 graduates. Special education enrollment was 111,000, with 579,000 students enrolled and 69,000 graduates. Preschool education had 46,001,000 children enrolled. The consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education is 93.8%, and the gross enrollment rate in high school is 88.3%.

The total expenditure on research and development (R&D) was RMB 1,750 billion, up 11.6% year-on-year, accounting for 2.12% of GDP, of which RMB 92 billion was for basic research. The National Key R&D Program arranged 1,115 scientific and technological projects in 42 key projects, 454 projects in major national science and technology projects, and the National Natural Science Foundation funded 43,935 projects. By the end of the year, a total of 503 national key laboratories, 131 national engineering research centers, 217 national engineering laboratories, and 1,276 national enterprise technology centers had been built. The National Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Guidance Fund had established 5 sub-funds with a total funding of RMB 24.72 billion. A total of 3.698 million patent applications were filed at home and abroad, and 1.836 million patents were granted; the number of PCT patent applications accepted ^[60] was 51,000. By the end of the year, there were 7.148 million valid patents, including 1.356 million domestic invention patents, and 9.8 invention patents per 10,000 people. A total of 368,000 technical contracts were signed throughout the year, with a transaction value of 1,342.4 billion yuan, an increase of 17.7% over the previous year.

17 space launches were successfully completed throughout the year. The first high-orbit high-throughput communication satellite Shijian-13 and the first large-scale hard X-ray space detection satellite "Huiyan" were successfully launched; the first two satellites of the Beidou navigation global satellite system were successfully launched; the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft was successfully launched and completed the rendezvous and docking with the Tiangong-2. The "Mozi" quantum satellite successfully achieved its predetermined scientific goals, the dark matter particle detection satellite "Wukong" discovered abnormal electronic signals, and the C919 large passenger aircraft and the "Kunlong" AG600 amphibious aircraft successfully completed their maiden flights.

At the end of the year, there were 35,000 product testing laboratories in China, including 739 national testing centers. There are 401 product quality and system certification agencies in China, which have completed product certification for 140,250 enterprises. There are 4,037 statutory metrology technical agencies in China, and 83.26 million metrological instruments were compulsorily inspected throughout the year. A total of 3,811 national standards were formulated and revised throughout the year, including 2,684 new ones.

At the end of the year, there were 2,054 art performance groups and 3,217 museums in the national cultural system. There were 3,162 public libraries with a total circulation of 726.41 million people ^[61] and 3,327 cultural centers. There were 220 million actual cable TV users, of which 198 million were cable digital TV users. At the end of the year, the comprehensive population coverage of radio programs was 98.7%, and the comprehensive population coverage of television programs was 99.1%. 310 TV series with 13,310 episodes and 83,599 minutes of TV cartoons were produced throughout the year. 798 feature films and 172 science, education, documentary, animation and special films ^[62] were produced throughout the year. 36.8 billion copies of newspapers, 2.6 billion copies of periodicals and 9 billion copies of books were published, with an average of 6.49 copies of books per capita ^[63] . At the end of the year, there were 4,237 archives in the country, and 138.06 million volumes of archives of various types had been opened. In 2016, the added value of culture and related industries was 3,078.5 billion yuan, up 13.0% over the previous year; the proportion of culture and related industries in GDP was 4.14%, up 0.19 percentage points over the previous year.

Throughout the year, Chinese athletes won 106 world championships in 24 major sports and set 6 world records. Throughout the year, Chinese athletes with disabilities won 160 world championships in 11 international competitions. In 2016, the added value of the sports industry was 647.5 billion yuan, an increase of 17.8% over the previous year; accounting for 0.9% of the GDP, an increase of 0.1 percentage point over the previous year.

At the end of the year, there were 995,000 medical and health institutions in China, including 30,000 hospitals, of which 12,000 were public hospitals and 18,000 were private hospitals; there were 940,000 primary medical and health institutions, including 37,000 township health centers, 35,000 community health service centers (stations), 230,000 outpatient clinics (clinics), and 638,000 village clinics; there were 22,000 professional public health institutions, including 3,482 disease prevention and control centers and 3,133 health supervision institutes (centers). At the end of the year, there were 8.91 million health technicians, including 3.35 million practicing physicians and practicing assistant physicians and 3.79 million registered nurses. There were 7.85 million beds in medical and health institutions, including 6.09 million in hospitals and 1.25 million in township health centers. The total number of consultations and treatments ^[64] was 8.1 billion, and the number of discharged patients ^[65] was 240 million.

At the end of the year, there were 32,000 social service institutions providing accommodation, including 29,000 elderly care service institutions and 656 child service institutions. There were 7.495 million social service beds ^[66] , including 7.142 million elderly care service beds and 96,000 child service beds. At the end of the year, there were 25,000 community service centers and 139,000 community service stations.

The total supply of state-owned construction land in the country ^[67] was 600,000 hectares, up 16.4% year-on-year. Among them, industrial, mining and warehousing land was 120,000 hectares, up 1.6%; real estate land ^[68] was 115,000 hectares, up 7.2%; and infrastructure land was 365,000 hectares, up 26.1%.

The total amount of water resources for the whole year was 2867.5 billion cubic meters. The average annual precipitation was 640 mm. At the end of the year, the total water storage of 604 large reservoirs monitored nationwide was 351.8 billion cubic meters, an increase from the end of the previous year. The total water consumption for the whole year was 609 billion cubic meters, an increase of 0.8% over the previous year. Among them, domestic water consumption increased by 2.8%, industrial water consumption increased by 0.2%, agricultural water consumption increased by 0.6%, and ecological water replenishment increased by 1.7%. Water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP ^[69] was 78 cubic meters, a decrease of 5.6% over the previous year. Water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value was 49 cubic meters, a decrease of 5.9%. Per capita water consumption was 439 cubic meters, an increase of 0.3% over the previous year.

The total afforestation area was 7.36 million hectares, of which 3.9 million hectares were artificial afforestation, accounting for 53.0% of the total afforestation area. The forest cultivation area was 8.3 million hectares. By the end of the year, there were 2,750 nature reserves, including 463 national nature reserves. The newly added area of ​​soil and water loss control was 56,000 square kilometers.

According to preliminary calculations, the total energy consumption for the whole year was 4.49 billion tons of standard coal, an increase of 2.9% over the previous year. Coal consumption increased by 0.4%, crude oil consumption increased by 5.2%, natural gas consumption increased by 14.8%, and electricity consumption increased by 6.6%. Coal consumption accounted for 60.4% of the total energy consumption, a decrease of 1.6 percentage points over the previous year; clean energy consumption such as natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, and wind power accounted for 20.8% of the total energy consumption, an increase of 1.3 percentage points. The national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP decreased by 3.7%. The comprehensive energy consumption per unit of caustic soda of key energy-consuming industrial enterprises decreased by 0.3%, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of cement decreased by 0.1%, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel decreased by 0.9%, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of crude copper decreased by 4.8%, and the standard coal consumption per kilowatt-hour of thermal power generation decreased by 0.8%. The national carbon dioxide emissions per 10,000 yuan of GDP decreased by 5.1%.

Among the 417 seawater quality monitoring points in the nearshore waters, 67.8% of the monitoring points met the national Class I and Class II seawater quality standards, 10.1% were Class III seawater, and 22.1% were Class IV and Class IV-minus seawater.

Among the 338 cities at prefecture level and above monitored, 29.3% of them met the air quality standards, while 70.7% did not. The annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities that did not meet the standards (based on 262 cities whose annual average PM2.5 concentration did not meet the standards in 2015) was 48 micrograms per cubic meter, down 5.9% from the previous year.

Among the 323 cities monitored, 5.9% had good urban area sound environment quality, 65.0% had relatively good quality, 27.9% had average quality, 0.9% had poor quality, and 0.3% had poor quality.

The annual average temperature was 10.39℃, 0.03℃ higher than the previous year. A total of 8 typhoons made landfall.

The affected area of ​​crops was 18.48 million hectares, of which 1.83 million hectares were completely lost. The direct economic losses caused by floods and geological disasters were 191 billion yuan, the direct economic losses caused by droughts were 37.5 billion yuan, the direct economic losses caused by low temperatures and snowstorms were 1.9 billion yuan, and the direct economic losses caused by marine disasters were 5.8 billion yuan. In the whole year, there were 13 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 or above in the mainland, 11 of which caused disasters, causing direct economic losses of 14.8 billion yuan. There were 3,223 forest fires in the whole year, and the forest area affected by forest fires was 25,000 hectares.

A total of 37,852 people died in various production accidents throughout the year. The number of deaths in production accidents for every 100,000 employees in industrial, mining and commercial enterprises was 1,639, down 3.7% from the previous year; the number of deaths in road traffic accidents was 2.06 per 10,000 vehicles, down 3.7%; and the number of deaths in coal mines per million tons was 0.106, down 32.1%.