The common technology terms in the IT circle that you must know in 2016

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Everyone is familiar with the Internet buzzwords such as "It makes no difference", "It's so scary", "It all depends on your temperament", etc. They can be regarded as the essence of 2015. The editor has also collected and integrated some popular words in the technology circle from the Internet. Let's learn from them together!

Virtual Reality

VR (Virtual Reality), also known as spiritual technology, is a virtual world created by a computer simulation system. In layman's terms, it uses technical means to make people feel as if they are in the environment and can interact with it. This set of technologies mainly includes simulated environment, perception, natural skills and sensors. In addition to the visual perception generated by computer graphics technology, there are also hearing, touch, force, movement and other perceptions, and even multiple perceptions such as smell and taste. At present, virtual reality technology has been applied to many industries such as medicine, military aerospace, interior design, industrial simulation, games, and entertainment.

Cognitive computing

Cognitive computing comes from the name of IBM's artificial intelligence supercomputer "Watson", and now it represents a new way of big data analysis. As information increases, computers can gradually improve cognitive analysis behavior over time based on existing experience in a learning and interactive way as data continues to grow. Just like the brain does things naturally, "cognitive computing" is the "marriage" of artificial intelligence and big data.

Deep Learning

The concept of Deep Learning originated from the study of artificial neural networks. It is a new field in machine learning research, which is motivated by the establishment and simulation of neural networks for analytical learning in the human brain. It imitates the mechanism of the human brain to interpret data, such as images, sounds and texts. Since 2006, the field of machine learning has made breakthrough progress. The Turing test (Turing, the ancestor of computers and artificial intelligence) is at least not so out of reach. In terms of technical means, it not only relies on the parallel processing capabilities of cloud computing for big data, but also relies on algorithms. This algorithm is Deep Learning. With the help of the Deep Learning algorithm, humans have finally found a way to deal with the eternal problem of "abstract concepts".

DT Era

As the name suggests, it should be Data Technology, data processing technology. Although this term was proposed a long time ago, it did not become popular in China until Jack Ma proposed "moving from the IT era to the DT world" in his speech at the IT Leaders Summit in March 2015. Jack Ma said that the difference between the two is that the IT era is centered on "me", while the DT era is centered on "others", making others stronger, open and taking more responsibilities.

Quantum computing

Quantum computing is the hottest research field at present. Compared with ordinary computers, quantum computers based on the characteristics of quantum mechanics have unimaginable parallel computing and storage capabilities. It takes 100 years for the Tianhe-2 with exascale computing power to solve a set of equations with exascale variables, while a trillion-times quantum computer theoretically only needs 0.01 seconds to solve it. When quantum computers are applied, current scientific problems such as code breaking and gene sequencing will be easily solved.

Face Recognition

It is a biometric technology that recognizes people based on their facial features. It uses a camera or a camera to collect images or video streams containing faces, and automatically detects and tracks faces in the images, and then performs a series of face-related technologies on the detected faces, which are usually called portrait recognition or facial recognition. Face recognition products are currently widely used in finance, justice, military, public security, border inspection, government, aerospace, electricity, factories, education, medical care, and many enterprises and institutions. With the further maturity of technology and the improvement of social recognition, face recognition technology will be applied in more fields.

Computer Vision

Computer vision is a science that studies how to make machines "see". To put it more specifically, it refers to the use of cameras and computers to replace human eyes to identify, track and measure targets, and further perform image processing to make the computer process images more suitable for human observation or transmission to instruments for detection. Figuratively speaking, it is to install eyes (cameras) and brains (algorithms) on computers so that machines can perceive the environment and objects. The Chinese idiom "seeing is believing" and the Western saying "one picture is worth ten thousand words" express the importance of vision to humans. It is not difficult to draw an analogy that the future of machines with vision is immeasurable, such as: intelligent robots, intelligent video surveillance, new human-computer interfaces, etc.

AI

Artificial intelligence is the simulation of the information process of human consciousness and thinking. Artificial intelligence is not human intelligence, but it can think like humans and may even exceed human intelligence. The technology used is designed to enable computers to make human-like judgments based on data and analysis. Research in this field includes robotics, speech recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, and expert systems.

Artificial intelligence is the study of the laws governing human intelligent activities, the construction of artificial systems with a certain level of intelligence, and the study of how to enable computers to complete tasks that previously required human intelligence. In other words, it is the study of the basic theories, methods, and techniques of how to use computer software and hardware to simulate certain intelligent human behaviors.

Smart City

"Smart city" is a very popular term. But in the eyes of many people, this high-sounding topic seems strange and distant. In fact, the construction of smart cities has already penetrated into our daily lives through various forms of expression, and has changed our lives in many ways, such as smart homes, smart wearable devices, and Industry 4.0. Smart cities actually use information and communication technology to sense, analyze, and integrate key information from the core systems of urban operations, so as to respond intelligently to various needs including people's livelihood, environmental protection, public safety, urban services, and industrial and commercial activities. Its essence is to use advanced information technology to achieve smart management and operation of cities, thereby creating a better life for people in cities and promoting harmonious and sustainable growth of cities.

unicorn

Unicorns were originally a term used by the US venture capital community to describe startups with a valuation of more than $1 billion. These companies were originally usually software-based, but now they are gradually including other industries. As of August 2015, the top companies on the unicorn list include Uber (transportation), Xiaomi (consumer electronics), Airbnb (accommodation), Palantir (big data) and Snapchat (social media).

Words derived from unicorn:

Decacorn: refers to a startup with a valuation of more than $10 billion.

Super unicorn: A super-unicorn is a company with a valuation of more than $100 billion, such as Facebook.

Narwhal: Canadian technology unicorns are often referred to as “narwhals.”

Fog computing

Fog computing is an extension of cloud computing. It was first created by Cisco. The name "fog" comes from the famous saying "fog is a cloud closer to the ground". Different from cloud computing, the architecture adopted by fog computing is more decentralized and closer to the edge of the network, allocating computing, communication, control and storage resources and services to users or devices and systems close to users. Fog computing is mainly based on small clouds such as personal clouds, private clouds, and enterprise clouds, and wins by quantity, emphasizing quantity.

Blockchain

For the general public, the concept of blockchain first appeared in discussions related to Bitcoin. Blockchain is the underlying technology foundation of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is just the most famous application of blockchain. Blockchain is a distributed peer-to-peer network without a central control point, using a distributed collective operation method to implement a set of unalterable and trustworthy database technology solutions. Its characteristics are decentralized storage, highly transparent information, and not easy to tamper with. In layman's terms, it is a "public ledger" that uses computer programs to record all transaction information on the entire network. The data block records the transaction record data on the entire digital currency network, and this data is shared by all digital currency nodes. Through the data block, we can query the history of each digital currency transaction.

At its core, blockchain is a global distributed database that can record not only financial transactions, but almost everything of value: birth certificates, death certificates, marriage certificates, education levels, financial accounts, medical procedures, insurance claims, voting... anything that can be represented by code.

Data Lake

The word "DATA LAKE" is very popular abroad. To put it simply, a data lake is an information system with the following two characteristics: 1. A parallel system that can store big data, and 2. A system that can perform calculations without moving data.

Its value lies in bringing together different types of data, and another part of its value is that data analysis can be performed without the need for predefined models. Today's big data architecture is scalable and can provide users with more and more real-time analysis. Today, when business intelligence (BI) and data warehouses have not been eliminated, big data analysis and big data lakes are developing into more types of real-time intelligent services that can support real-time decision making.