[Fat Bear Science] It is a rumor that drinking coffee causes cancer, but these eating habits really should not become "habits", maybe you have them!

Previously, everyone was flooded with news about the "Starbucks causes cancer" incident.

Some friends said they were so scared that they quickly drank a sip of coffee in their hands to calm down.

Some friends even looked like they didn’t care and muttered, “It’s a good thing I can’t afford Starbucks.”

"Food causes cancer" seems to have become a hot topic of discussion. Today, Fat Bear will talk to you about the cancer on the tip of your tongue.

Reminder: Food safety concerns everyone, and everyone is afraid of carcinogenic foods. But you need to know these points.

Kind tips

1. “Talking about carcinogenicity without considering the dosage” is just nonsense.

2. Being a top carcinogen does not necessarily cause cancer if consumed.

3. The occurrence of cancer is related to many factors. Although it is a matter of probability, please do not eat too much. Qualitative changes are the result of the accumulation of quantitative changes.

Different habits correspond to different symptoms

1 Eating too much grilled or fried food can easily lead to stomach cancer

"Gastric cancer is a typical disease related to eating habits. It is well known that barbecue and fried foods can induce cancer." Sun Hao from the Gastrointestinal Tumor Center of Chongqing Cancer Hospital said that in clinical practice, they found that among gastric cancer patients aged 30 to 40, more than half of them loved to eat barbecue or spicy hot pot.

Chongqing people have a strong taste and like to eat barbecue, but after the food is grilled or smoked, it is easy to produce substances such as 3-4 benzopyrene and cycloaromatic hydrocarbons, which are clear carcinogens.

However, it is okay to eat it occasionally. As mentioned earlier in the article, it is foolish to talk about carcinogenicity without considering the dosage. But eating too much can also cause damage to the body, thereby indirectly inducing cancer.

Well, it seems that I can only eat barbecue every now and then.

In addition to barbecue, high-salt diet is also closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer. The World Health Organization stipulates that the daily salt intake per person is 6 grams. If it exceeds this amount, the high osmotic fluid in the salt will damage the gastric mucosa, which can easily induce gastric cancer in the long run.

Moldy food and pickled food may also induce stomach cancer if eaten too much.

2 Drinking and smoking can easily lead to lung cancer, liver cancer, and laryngeal cancer

The cause of laryngeal cancer is still unclear, but smoking is almost certainly related to the occurrence of laryngeal cancer. Almost all laryngeal cancer patients found in hospitals are smokers. The more times a smoker smokes and the longer he smokes, the greater his chance of developing laryngeal cancer. According to statistics, smokers are 3-39 times more likely to develop laryngeal cancer than non-smokers, and the mortality rate of laryngeal cancer in heavy smokers is 20 times that of non-smokers.

In addition, passive smoking (i.e. second-hand smoke) may also cause cancer. When smoking, tobacco burns to produce tar, in which benzopyrene is carcinogenic and can cause mucosal edema, congestion, epithelial hyperplasia and squamous cell carcinoma, and stop the movement of cilia.

Laryngeal cancer is also related to drinking. Smoking and drinking have a synergistic effect in causing cancer. People who smoke for a long time and are addicted to drinking liquor are more likely to develop laryngeal cancer.

Deng Hejun, director of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor Center of Chongqing Cancer Hospital, said that people who smoke and drink have a higher risk of developing liver cancer and lung cancer, which is something almost everyone knows.

After drinking a lot of alcohol, a large amount of acetaldehyde will accumulate in the human body, which will have toxic effects on many tissues and organs, such as causing cell DNA damage and carcinogenicity. The harm of alcohol to the liver is gradually accumulated. With the increase in the amount and the extension of drinking time, it will develop from "alcoholic fatty liver" to "alcoholic hepatitis", and then to "alcoholic cirrhosis", and finally lead to the occurrence of liver cancer.

3 Eating too hot food can easily lead to esophageal cancer

In life, "eat while it's hot" has always been a classic phrase on the table. Many people like to drink scalding hot coffee, hot tea, and eat scalding hot meals, which is the main risk factor for esophageal cancer.

Jiang Yuequan, director of the Thoracic Tumor Center of Chongqing Cancer Hospital, said that drinking hot water above 60°C for a long time will irritate the esophagus for a long time and lead to cancer.

Who was the one who liked to stand there and say, "Stand up!"

The wall of the human esophagus is composed of mucous membranes, which are very delicate. If you often eat hot foods such as hot pot, hot porridge, hot soup, etc., day after day, year after year, it will cause serious damage to the oral cavity, esophagus, and stomach mucosa. If things go on like this for a long time, it will cause changes in the quality of the mucosa and even cancer.

Moreover, for people who often drink hot coffee, hot soup or hot water, the mucous membranes will become less and less sensitive to thermal stimulation and less and less afraid of burns. People will involuntarily accept increasingly severe burns.

In addition to the above-mentioned eating habits that may cause cancer, these eating habits are also incorrect.

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4. Never eat staple food to maintain your figure

Experts: Beware of ketoacidosis

Ms. Lin, 26, has not eaten rice for half a year. She learned a way to lose weight online. If she does not eat rice, potatoes and other starchy foods and only eats vegetables and meat every day, she can lose weight.

Feng Changyan, deputy director of the Nutrition Department of Chongqing Cancer Hospital, said that because the brain mainly relies on glucose for energy, and the main source of glucose is carbohydrates, most of these carbohydrates come from various staple foods that people eat daily. If you don't eat staple foods for a long time, it is likely to cause memory to deteriorate and reaction to slow down.

On the other hand, if you do not eat staple foods for a long time, the energy originally supplied by carbohydrates will be transformed into ketone bodies produced by breaking down fat metabolism. This will cause an increase in body ketones and the acid-base balance in the human body will be disturbed. In severe cases, it will lead to ketoacidosis, coma, and even hallucinations.

Not eating staple foods will cause liver glycogen consumption and fat metabolism to produce a large amount of free fatty acids, which can also cause damage to the liver.

Feng Changyan reminded that the human body's daily carbohydrate intake should not be less than 100 grams. It is recommended to eat less refined rice and noodles, and replace part of the staple food with coarse grains such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, and purple sweet potatoes.

5 Anti-cancer Foods to Eat Every Day and Every Meal

Experts: A balanced diet can effectively reduce the risk of cancer

Since retiring five years ago, 60-year-old Ms. Zhao has been taking care of her family's diet. How to keep her family healthy is her top priority. A year ago, Ms. Zhao saw on a TV program that tomatoes, garlic and broccoli are "anti-cancer vegetables." In the past year, she has set an "anti-cancer diet" for her family. Every night, one of tomatoes or broccoli will appear on the table, making soup, salad, or stir-fry.

Regarding the popular "anti-cancer food" list on the Internet, Feng Changyan said that it is basically unrealistic to say that a single food can fight cancer. However, a balanced and healthy eating habit can indeed help people effectively reduce the risk of cancer.

The most important thing about a balanced diet is to have a complete combination of nutrients. Eating a single ingredient repeatedly will be counterproductive. Feng Changyan introduced that to achieve nutritional balance, people should eat no less than 12 kinds of vegetables, fruits, meat, staple foods, eggs and milk every day, and at least 25 different ingredients per week to achieve a balanced diet.

6 Eat meat first, then vegetables, and don’t drink soup

Expert: What to eat first and what to eat next is very important for a good meal

Mr. He, who lives in Qixinggang, calls himself a carnivore. He cannot do without meat for three meals a day. Dinner is a daily combination of two meat dishes and one vegetable dish. Mr. He does not like leafy vegetables. Most of the time, his vegetables are potatoes and soybeans. Mr. He also does not like soup, as he thinks that soup not only takes up space in the stomach, but also digests quickly and does not make you feel hungry.

Regarding Mr. He's eating habits, Feng Changyan reminded him, "For a healthy diet, soup, meat dishes, vegetarian dishes, and staple foods are all essential, and the order is also important."

When eating, the first step is to drink soup. Don't drink too much soup, just half a bowl of rice. Drinking soup first can stimulate the secretion of digestive juices and promote appetite, but drinking too much soup will dilute the digestive juices, leading to the opposite effect.

Eating vegetables first and then meat is a healthier eating order, because vegetables can supplement the various micronutrients needed by the human body, while also giving people a sense of fullness and regulating people's meat intake. They contain a lot of dietary fiber, which can promote gastrointestinal health. It should be noted that vegetables mainly refer to dark green, yellow-green and other green leafy vegetables, rather than potatoes, taro and other root vegetables with high starch content (such foods are considered part of the staple food in nutrition).

Eat the staple food next, whole grain rice is recommended. After you feel a little full, eat fish, shrimp, and meat last. This order allows the food to be fully digested and absorbed, and is also very helpful for controlling weight and losing weight.

International authoritative organizations have provided the following suggestions, 9 simple steps to stay away from some cancers:

1. Do not smoke and stay away from "second-hand smoke" and other tobacco products;

2. Do not drink alcohol, or reduce the intake of alcoholic beverages;

3. Keep exercising regularly every day to keep your weight within a healthy range;

4. Eat a healthy diet, eat more whole grains, beans, vegetables and fruits, limit high-calorie foods (high-sugar, high-fat foods), eat less or no processed meat (such as cured meat, sausage, canned meat, etc.), and limit red meat and high-salt foods;

5. Don’t stay in the sun for too long. Reduce the time when ultraviolet rays directly hit your skin and take sun protection measures to prevent skin cancer.

6. Breastfeeding can reduce women’s risk of breast cancer;

7. Vaccination, for example, hepatitis B vaccine can prevent primary liver cancer, and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine can prevent cervical cancer;

8. Care about your own and your family members’ health and understand your own risk of cancer;

9. Have regular physical examinations and conduct appropriate cancer screenings.

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Chongqing Cancer Prevention and Treatment Science Popularization Base/Member of China Medical Self-media Alliance

Chongqing Science and Technology Commission Science Popularization Funding Project