The woman was so anxious about being forced to get married that she became "alkali poisoned"! Please forward this to the loving family

Summer vacation is a great time for the naughty kids

Maybe it's the long-awaited relief

But for parents

It's like the opening of a "disaster movie"

Faced with the various mischiefs of naughty children, even the most stable adults will lose their patience and have the urge to go berserk instantly.

Not long ago, a piece of news about "using one's life to tutor a naughty child to do homework" became a hot topic on Weibo. When Ms. Chen was tutoring her son with homework at home, she became angry and anxious because of her son's negative attitude towards learning. For a while, she developed symptoms of numbness in her limbs and cramps in her hands.

The doctor finally diagnosed that Ms. Chen had "hyperventilation syndrome" caused by anger and excitement.

Screenshot of Weibo topic

Soon after, a piece of news about "a girl born after 1995 suffered respiratory alkalosis due to anxiety about getting married" also became a hot search.

Screenshot of @山海视频 Weibo

In addition to being shocked, this kind of "being angry to the point of convulsions" and "anxiety to the point of difficulty breathing and numbness of the limbs" has also attracted widespread attention. Today, let us learn about the relevant knowledge of hyperventilation syndrome~

Out-of-control respiratory center

Hyperventilation syndrome, also known as high ventilation syndrome, is one of the common diseases in the emergency department. It has "respiratory alkalosis" as the main pathophysiological change, and shortness of breath, hand and foot cramps as the main clinical manifestations.

Such patients often do not have organic lesions themselves, but their respiratory center becomes dysregulated due to external stimulation.

Breathing is the process of gas exchange in the human body, and the alveoli are a very important part of the respiratory system. During the inhalation process, external air enters the alveoli, and gas exchange occurs in the capillaries around the alveoli. Fresh oxygen enters the capillaries, while carbon dioxide produced by systemic metabolism diffuses from the blood into the alveoli. During exhalation, the carbon dioxide in the alveoli is exhaled together with the remaining air.

Hyperventilation under physiological conditions is often seen in mental stimulation or strong negative emotions, such as anger, tension, fear, excitement , etc. The human body may have physiological reactions such as excessive breathing rate and increased breathing depth.

At this time, the ventilation volume during the breathing process increases and the alveolar ventilation also increases, resulting in excessive discharge of carbon dioxide in the body.

Under pathological conditions, it is often seen in patients with high fever or hyperthyroidism, where ventilation increases significantly, exceeding the amount of carbon dioxide that should be discharged. Carbon dioxide is an acidic gas. Once it is discharged excessively, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood (PaCO2) will drop rapidly. Before the body has time to adjust, the acidic carbonic acid in the blood will drop rapidly, while the alkaline components will not drop synchronously, which will cause the pH value of the blood to rise rapidly (termed "respiratory alkalosis"), leading to a series of symptoms.

In addition, physiologically, men mainly breathe with their abdomen, while women mainly breathe with their chest. Chest breathing is shallow and fast, and emotional changes have a more obvious impact on breathing, so women account for a higher proportion of patients with hyperventilation syndrome .

What are the typical symptoms?

Since the onset of hyperventilation syndrome is sudden and urgent, what are its typical symptoms that can help us make a diagnosis?

First, due to the increase in blood pH, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increases, and oxygen is difficult to release in tissues (the term is called "left shift of the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve"). Therefore, although the blood oxygen saturation is high, the blood cannot effectively provide oxygen to tissue cells, eventually leading to tissue hypoxia.

Secondly, respiratory alkalosis can cause the human arteries to contract, especially the heart and brain blood vessels. Vascular contraction leads to reduced blood supply, further exacerbating the lack of oxygen in the heart and brain cells. Therefore, patients often experience symptoms such as dizziness, headache, palpitations, chest tightness, and numbness of the limbs , and continued hypoxia can even lead to syncope and loss of consciousness.

In addition, when cells are lacking oxygen, calcium ions in the blood will transfer into the cells, resulting in hypocalcemia. Since calcium ions can reduce the excitability of nerves and muscles, the excitability of nerves and muscles will increase when hypocalcemia occurs, resulting in symptoms of muscle spasms.

What should I do if hyperventilation syndrome occurs?

If someone around you has hyperventilation syndrome, they should be sent to the hospital for examination and treatment in time. However, if the situation is urgent or the distance to the hospital is far, we can take appropriate first aid measures while waiting.

Stabilize the patient's mood. Place the patient in a quiet environment, conduct positive psychological counseling, explain the connection between symptoms and hyperventilation, and prevent the patient's mood from further deteriorating. Or use suggestive therapy, do not show nervousness and anxiety in front of the patient, and tell the patient that the problem is not serious and he will recover soon.

Guide the patient to manage breathing. The patient can be guided to relax the whole body, use abdominal breathing, slow down the breathing rate or hold the breath to inhibit the exhalation of carbon dioxide.

Abdominal breathing source wikipedia

Appropriately restrict ventilation. If the symptoms are severe, you can use a mask or paper folded into a cone to cover your mouth and nose to allow the exhaled carbon dioxide to be re-inhaled into the body, but be careful not to cause suffocation.

Inject vitamin B drugs intramuscularly and tell the patient that this is a specific drug for the disease. Many patients can stop the attack after being suggested.

Finally, from a long-term perspective, actively cultivating an open-minded and cheerful personality, improving your mood, improving your psychological regulation ability, and appropriately venting your emotions can more effectively avoid the adverse effects of negative emotions. Avoid staying up late and drinking caffeinated beverages such as coffee and tea on weekdays.

In the process of educating "naughty children", we should pay more attention to methods and ways. If we rely on getting angry to solve the problem, we will end up getting angry ourselves. Don't get too excited when being urged to get married. Who can escape the fate of being urged to get married? Just don't listen.

By the way, if you were a parent, which one would you choose, winning by chance or lying flat?

References:

[1] Liu Hongmei, Lü Xiaohong, Li Hongmei, Zhang Zhongmei, Wu Yan, Zhang Yufang. A case of respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation[J]. Chinese Community Physician, 2021, 37(09): 37-38.

[2] Lin Yuteng. Study on the application effect of emergency nursing in the treatment of hyperventilation syndrome[J]. Contemporary Medical Forum, 2017, 15(03): 171.

[3] Li Gang, Yang Jianping. Clinical manifestations and treatment experience of 110 patients with hyperventilation syndrome[J]. Journal of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2014, 28(02): 89-91.

[4] Wang Tao, Qin Jian, Wang Jing, Wang Changyuan, Liao Qiuju. Clinical analysis of 84 cases of hyperventilation syndrome[J]. Journal of Clinical Pulmonology, 2011, 16(10): 1620-1621.

END

Review expert: Gu Haitong, associate chief physician of the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University.

Tadpole Musical Notation original article, please indicate the source when reprinting

Editor/Heart and Paper