Manned space flight, supercomputers, deep-sea and deep-earth exploration...these technological "keywords" in the government work report are exciting!

On the morning of March 5, the highly anticipated first session of the 14th National People's Congress opened grandly at the Great Hall of the People. The government work report mentioned key words such as manned space flight, lunar and Mars exploration, and deep-sea and deep-earth exploration.

Compiled by New Media Editor Duan Dawei

On the morning of March 5, the opening meeting of the first session of the 14th National People's Congress was held in the Great Hall of the People.

The government work report pointed out that scientific and technological innovation has achieved fruitful results. A new national system has been established, national laboratories have been established, and the reorganization of national key laboratories has been promoted in batches. New breakthroughs have been made in some key core technologies, and innovative achievements have continued to emerge in the fields of manned spaceflight, lunar and Mars exploration, deep sea and deep earth exploration, supercomputers, satellite navigation, quantum information, nuclear power technology, large aircraft manufacturing, and artificial intelligence . The intensity of R&D funding investment in the whole society has increased from 2.1% to more than 2.5%, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress has increased to more than 60%, and the ability of innovation to support development has been continuously enhanced.

Keywords: manned spaceflight

▲ Schematic diagram of the three-cabin and three-ship configuration of the Chinese space station (Source: China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation)

Back in April 2021, the Tianhe core module of China's space station was successfully launched, marking the entry of my country's space station construction into the full implementation stage.

On June 17 of that year, the Shenzhou XII spacecraft carrying three astronauts, Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo, was successfully launched and completed an autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking with the Tianhe core module. The three astronauts entered the Tianhe core module one after another, marking the first time that Chinese people entered their own space station.

From October 16, 2021 to April 16, 2022, the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft carrying three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, was successfully launched and returned to land smoothly. This six-month mission also set a new record for the continuous in-orbit flight time of Chinese astronauts.

On June 5, 2022, the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft was successfully launched, and astronauts Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe entered the Tianhe core module.

On July 24, 2022, the launch mission of the Wentian Experimental Module, the first scientific experiment module of the Chinese space station, was a complete success. On July 25, the Shenzhou XIV astronaut crew successfully entered the Wentian Experimental Module. This is the first time that Chinese astronauts have entered a scientific experiment module in orbit.

On October 31, 2022, when the Mengtian laboratory module was launched into orbit and rendezvoused and docked with the Tianhe core module and Wentian laboratory module combination in orbit, the Chinese space station was completed, completing the last step of China's manned space engineering "three-step" development strategy.

The story of manned space flight will continue to shine brightly in the universe.

Keywords: lunar exploration, Mars exploration

The Chang'e-4 mission achieved the first soft landing and patrol exploration of a spacecraft on the far side of the moon in human history, and the first relay communication between the far side of the moon and the earth; the Chang'e-5 mission achieved my country's first extraterrestrial sampling return, bringing back the first batch of lunar samples in the 21st century for mankind; the Tianwen-1 mission achieved my country's first orbit, landing, and patrol exploration of Mars. Based on the data and samples obtained from my country's lunar and Mars exploration missions, scientists at home and abroad have achieved a series of important results.

Keywords: deep sea and deep earth exploration

On November 10, 2020, the "Fendouzhe" successfully landed on the bottom of the Mariana Trench, setting a new record for China's manned deep-sea diving of 10,909 meters.

The successful development of the "Fendouzhe" full-ocean-depth manned submersible marks that my country has reached the world's leading level in the field of deep-sea manned diving. From now on, mankind has a powerful new platform for exploring the 10,000-meter abyss.

my country already has three deep-sea manned submersibles, namely the Jiaolong, Deep Sea Warrior and Striver, as well as a series of unmanned submersibles, including the Haidou, Qianlong, Haiyan, Haiyi and Hailong. It has initially established a spectrum of full-sea-depth submersibles and has continuously achieved new breakthroughs and major leaps in the development of deep-sea equipment technology.

▲"Jiaolong" (Source: Marine Science Comprehensive Survey Vessel)

Humans know very little about the interior of the Earth. The most direct and effective way to explore the internal structure and material composition of the Earth is to drill a well! That is, to drill a scientific well into the interior of the Earth, allowing humans to see thousands or even tens of thousands of meters inside the Earth.

On April 13, 2014, the 10,000-meter drilling rig "Crust No. 1" independently developed by my country started drilling operations at the Songke No. 2 Well in the Songliao Basin; on June 2, 2018, "Crust No. 1" set a new record for continental scientific drilling in Asia with a completed well depth of 7,018 meters, marking that China has become the third country in the world after Russia and Germany to have special equipment and related technologies to implement the 10,000-meter continental drilling plan.

The cores obtained by the 10,000-meter "Crust No. 1" drilling rig provide rare data for Chinese scientists to build archives of earth evolution, and also provide important data support for the development of Daqing Oilfield and my country's energy security in the next 50 years. It can also help explore the mysteries of major geological events, the formation of source rocks, and paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate changes during the Cretaceous period, 140 million to 65 million years ago.

Keywords: supercomputer

Supercomputers are "national treasures", the "crown jewel" of the computer industry, and the "engine" of scientific and technological innovation. They are widely used in aerospace, geographic exploration, large aircraft design, new drug screening, and giant engineering construction. They play an important supporting role in the high-quality development of the national economy and society and high-level scientific and technological innovation. They are an important symbol of the country's scientific and technological development level and comprehensive national strength. my country has formed a series of supercomputer clusters such as Tianhe, Dawn, and Shenwei, which have reached the world's advanced level.

Over the past 10 years, my country's supercomputing has entered a period of brilliant development with independent innovation. The Tianhe series of supercomputers have achieved a leap from petaflops to exascale, and then to exaflops and even higher speeds, continuously climbing to the top of the world's supercomputing.

The Tianhe series of supercomputers have been successfully deployed in the National Supercomputing Centers in Tianjin, Guangzhou, and Changsha, computing more than 15,000 R&D tasks every day, effectively supporting major scientific and technological innovations and industrial upgrading and development.

The domestic "Feitian" processor and "Kirin" operating system brought about by the innovation of the Tianhe supercomputer have grown and developed, bringing new momentum to the information and innovation industry and laying the foundation for the development of my country's digital economy.

Keywords: Satellite navigation

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is a global satellite navigation system independently built and operated by China with an eye on national security and economic and social development needs. It is an important national space-time infrastructure that provides global users with all-weather, all-day, high-precision positioning, navigation and timing services.

Since its establishment, the BeiDou satellite navigation system has provided high-quality services worldwide, fulfilling the promise of a major country. At the same time, it has also promoted the satellite navigation and location services industry to maintain a stable and rapid growth trend, further expanding the scope of the industrial ecology and continuously optimizing the structure. In 2021, the total output value of my country's satellite navigation and location services industry has reached 469 billion yuan.

Keywords: Quantum information

Quantum information mainly includes quantum communication, quantum computing, quantum precision measurement, etc.

Quantum communication is a new communication method that uses quantum superposition and entanglement effects to transmit information. Based on the three principles of uncertainty, measurement collapse and non-cloning in quantum mechanics, it provides absolute security that cannot be eavesdropped or cracked by calculation, and can be applied to the field of confidential communications.

Quantum computing is a new computing model that follows the laws of quantum mechanics to perform high-speed mathematical and logical operations, store and process information. It has computing power far exceeding that of classical computers and can be applied to weather forecasting, drug development, traffic scheduling, confidentiality, etc. Quantum precision measurement aims to utilize quantum resources and effects to achieve measurement accuracy that exceeds that of classical methods. It is a comprehensive technology that integrates multiple disciplines such as atomic physics, physical optics, electronic technology, and control technology.

On August 16, 2016, my country launched the "Micius" quantum science experimental satellite, successfully developed the quantum computer prototype "Jiuzhang", and made important progress in the field of quantum precision measurement. On July 27, 2022, the world's first quantum micro-nano satellite "Jinan-1" was successfully launched on the "Lijian-1" carrier rocket at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China.

my country will also continue to vigorously develop quantum information technology, strengthen original innovation and technological application, and provide support for industrial transformation and economic development.

Keywords: Nuclear power technology

At the beginning of 2023, the domes of the Hualong One Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Unit 1 and the Hainan Changjiang Nuclear Power Unit 3 were successfully hoisted one after another. The popularity of the movie "The Wandering Earth 2" also brought the topic of nuclear energy to the hot searches, and "national business card" and "science fiction shining into reality" frequently entered the public eye.

As of the end of June 2022, China has 54 nuclear power units in operation with a total installed capacity of 55.78 million kilowatts, ranking third in the world; 23 nuclear power units are under construction and approved, ranking first in the world. my country's cumulative nuclear power generation has exceeded 3 trillion kilowatt-hours, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by about 2.5 billion tons. In the global nuclear power unit comprehensive index ranking released by the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO), China ranks among the top.

From "hard work to pioneering" to "national glory", the history of China's nuclear power is magnificent. According to the plan, by 2035, the installed nuclear power capacity in mainland my country is expected to reach more than 200 million kilowatts, accounting for 10%-15% of the country's power generation. Under the background of global carbon constraints, nuclear power is becoming an important means for the world to achieve carbon emission reduction and carbon neutrality. The development of nuclear power is an inevitable choice for the sustainable development of my country's social economy, the needs of the people's better life and the realization of the "dual carbon" goal.

Keywords: Large aircraft manufacturing

When talking about large aircraft, we must mention C919. C919 carries the Chinese people's dream of large aircraft.

On November 2, 2015, the first domestic C919 large passenger aircraft officially rolled off the assembly line. This not only marked the completion of the docking of the fuselage sections and the installation of the onboard systems of the first C919 aircraft, and the completion of ground tests, laying a solid foundation for the next step of the first flight, but also marked that China has become one of the few countries in the world capable of developing large passenger aircraft.

Compared to the A320 and B737 that have been flying in the sky for decades, China's C919 is a newcomer in this field. The name of C919 is quite meaningful. "C" is the first letter of the English abbreviation "COMAC" of China Commercial Aircraft Corporation, which also stands for "China". It also happens to be arranged in sequence with the initials of "Airbus" and "Boeing". The first "9" represents "long-term", and the following "19" represents the maximum passenger capacity of 190 seats. C919 carries the Chinese people's dream of "big aircraft", as well as the strategic task of laying out the civil aviation passenger aircraft market and achieving research and development success, market success and commercial success.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has achieved a historic leap forward in becoming the world's second largest economy. China has made a historic leap from a "manufacturing power" to a "manufacturing powerhouse" and from a "network powerhouse" to a "network powerhouse". Over the past decade, Chinese artificial intelligence companies have made great efforts to move from "scientific and technological innovation" to "specialization and innovation", and from "specialization and innovation" to "single champion", providing strong support for the rapid growth of China's economy. Over the past decade, China's artificial intelligence industry has accumulated a lot of experience, from "technology research and development" to "achievement transformation", and from "achievement transformation" to "empowerment application", and has written a magnificent picture for the original innovation and empowerment development of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization.

(Reference sources: People's Daily, Xinhua News Agency, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Science and Technology Daily, Beijing Daily, The Paper, China Artificial Intelligence Society, etc.)

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Produced by: Beijing Science and Technology News | Beijing Science and Technology Media

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