@All freshmen, how is your sun protection?

Military training is the beginning of the ivory tower story.

Getting tanned has become the end of military training for most students.

The issue of sun protection has become a hot search on the military training list at the beginning of each school year.

Sunscreen type

01Physical sunscreen

Sunscreen products that use physical sunscreens are physical sunscreens. Physical sunscreens are inorganic substances used to block, refract and reflect ultraviolet rays. The most commonly used are zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. These two are non-irritating. Other substances that have ultraviolet protection include kaolin, talcum powder, iron oxide, pearl powder and other powders.

Image source: Pixabay

Physical sunscreens are relatively more stable and safe, and can provide full-band protection from UVB to UVA. Physical sunscreens are usually thicker, and appear whitish and light when applied to the skin. However, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide can also have a transparent appearance after being crushed into nanometers. Today's physical sunscreens can be made thin and transparent without affecting skin color.

02Chemical sunscreen

Chemical sunscreens use chemical sunscreens, which avoid skin damage by absorbing ultraviolet rays and producing photochemical reactions.

This reaction is called the delocalized resonance effect. Simply put, sunscreen absorbs ultraviolet rays and releases the energy carried by the ultraviolet rays as infrared or visible light.

Chemical sunscreens are usually transparent and have a lighter and more natural appearance. If chemical sunscreens are absorbed by the skin, they may cause photosensitivity reactions. Some chemical sunscreens are irritating and have an upper limit on the amount they can be added. Of the 28 sunscreen ingredients currently approved for use in China, 26 are chemical sunscreens.

03Avoidance sun protection

First of all, the most effective and direct way is to avoid going out during the time periods when ultraviolet rays are strongest. Generally speaking, between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., ultraviolet rays are strongest in the day, so try to avoid going out during this time period.

Image source: Pixabay

If you must go out, try to choose a place with shade under trees or on the back of a mountain for outdoor activities.

How to choose sunscreen products?

The damage caused by sunlight to the skin is cumulative. In addition to inducing various skin tumors, it can also induce photoaging. It is recommended to start sun protection from an early age. Of course, choosing the right sunscreen product is also important!

Sunscreen: First look at the PA value and SPF value

The PA value represents the sunscreen product's ability to protect against long-wave ultraviolet rays (UVA). The more "+" the PA value has, the stronger the ability to prevent UVA and the better it can prevent sunburn.

The SPF value represents the sunscreen product's protection against UVB rays

The higher the SPF value, the longer the skin is protected from UVB and the less likely it is to get sunburned.

The higher the SPF and PA values, the better. You should choose them according to your personal situation and environment. Generally, you can choose SPF10, SPF15, SPF20, PA+, PA++ products for daily use. If you go to special environments such as beaches, plateaus, and snow-capped mountains, you need to choose SPF50, PA++, or even PA++++ products.

Sun protection clothing/parasols: pay attention to UPF and UVA transmittance

Anti-ultraviolet products should meet the following requirements: UPF (ultraviolet protection factor)>40 and UVA (long-wave ultraviolet) transmittance<5%.

When buying a parasol, it is advisable to choose one with dark color, thick fabric and large umbrella surface.

Sunglasses: Sunglasses that can block UV rays must have the following markings

1. "UV400": means the lens's isolation wavelength for ultraviolet rays is 400 nanometers.

2. "UV" or "anti-ultraviolet" means that the lens blocks ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 380 nanometers.

3. 100% UV absorption: It means that the lens has 100% absorption function for ultraviolet rays, and the average transmittance in the ultraviolet range is not more than 0.5%.

Sunscreen type

After being exposed to the sun for a long time, when you return to the room and turn on the air conditioner, your body no longer feels hot, but your face and arms are still burning. This is sunburn. Once sunburn occurs, it is recommended to take the following measures as soon as possible:

01You can apply cold compress immediately and moisturize after cold compress

Use a cold towel to cool down as soon as possible, for 10-15 minutes each time, several times a day; you can use a refrigerated mask to cool down your face for more comfort, and immediately moisturize with your own moisturizing lotion after the cold compress to help repair the skin barrier. If conditions permit, you can also apply some sun-repairing skin care products containing plant ingredients such as aloe vera and purslane, which have a certain anti-inflammatory and repairing effect.

02Topical use of hormone ointment

Patients with obvious redness, swelling, itching and pain can also use hormone ointments (such as hydrocortisone butyrate cream, mometasone furoate cream, desonide cream, etc.) to increase the anti-inflammatory effect. It should be noted that it cannot be used as a skin care product for a long time.

03Seek medical treatment promptly

Everyone should note that if severe sunburn occurs, with a large area of ​​redness and swelling, unbearable skin pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and multiple blisters on the skin surface, you should seek medical treatment in a timely manner.

Source: Chongqing Tianji Network Co., Ltd.

This article is compiled from: People's Daily, Dingxiang Doctor, Chongqing Weather, Chongqing Health Education

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