Is the Pacific Ocean getting fresher and the Atlantic Ocean getting saltier? | Expo Daily

The Pacific Ocean is getting fresher and the Atlantic Ocean is getting saltier?

Recently, a study by Wang Fan's team from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, revealed a surprising discovery: the salinity difference between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans has been increasing over the past half century.

By analyzing observation data at a depth of 0-2000 meters in the ocean, the research team found that the Atlantic-Pacific salinity difference has shown a clear strengthening trend since 1965.

Specifically, the salinity of the Atlantic Ocean has generally increased, while that of the Pacific Ocean has generally decreased. This trend shows a clear meridional structure, which is particularly prominent in the subtropical regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. In particular, between 20° and 40° north latitude, the salinity difference increased by 5.9±0.6%.

This discovery means that the "salinity gap" between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is deepening. This change not only affects the physical properties of the ocean, but may also have a profound impact on the global climate system.

The increase in salinity differences may lead to significant changes in water mass exchange, heat transfer and biogeochemical cycles between the two oceans, thereby affecting the global climate pattern.

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In the face of the prevalence of deep fakes,

We made this one-click detection APP

There are so many shocking rumors on the Internet today. According to statistics, the annual page views of 82 sources of false information on Facebook reached 3.8 billion; in China, Weibo effectively handled more than 60,000 pieces of false information in 2021.

Half a century ago, sociology experts had studied this issue and proposed a very classic rumor formula. They believed that: the spread of rumors = the importance of the event × the ambiguity of the event.

If you want to reduce the spread of rumors, either reduce its importance so that it has nowhere to spread; or reduce its ambiguity by collecting evidence and explaining why it is false, so that people will stop spreading it.

After we find a rumor, we will match it with a large amount of data to find out why it is false and where it is wrong. By quickly finding evidence, we can tell users where the falsehood is, thus achieving the effect of rumor verification and evidence collection.

I think our work and our research and development results should be more open, so that everyone can check and ask questions when consuming Internet news, making the world more real and more beautiful. So I published this forgery detection tool, and everyone is welcome to use it.

Marmosets also call out their names

A recent study published in Science found that communication between marmosets is more complex than people imagined. They use unique calls to call other monkeys in the family, similar to how humans call each other by name.

Marmosets, which are only slightly larger than squirrels, do not like to live alone like squirrels. They live in close-knit, monogamous families. Because they live in the canopy of dense rainforests, marmosets have to communicate their location and other information to each other through sharp calls.

The team found that the marmosets made 16 subtle acoustic adjustments to their calls to encode specific information for different members of the group, and they interspersed group-specific calls throughout their communications, similar to how humans insert friends' names throughout a sentence.

They are the first non-human primates known to do this, and the discovery could help researchers understand how human language evolved.

However, to prove that marmosets learn from each other and use these kinds of name identification, the researchers needed to make sure that the marmosets did not know these specific calls before joining the social group, but learned them by imitating them when they heard other marmosets communicate.

Made of ultra-strong carbon plastic that can withstand 500°C high temperatures

Russian scientists have successfully developed an ultra-strong carbon plastic based on phosphate adhesive that can withstand temperatures above 500°C.

Traditional composite materials are currently widely used in a variety of fields, from aircraft to hockey sticks, but they also have "weaknesses". Such composite materials are mainly made of organic polymer adhesives. Although such adhesives have many advantages, they have two "fatal flaws": they are flammable and have a maximum operating temperature of only 300-450°C. Therefore, it is difficult to meet the needs of high-precision fields such as aviation or aerospace for non-combustible materials that can withstand temperatures above 500°C.

Faced with this challenge, the team took a different approach and used inorganic adhesives as a breakthrough point to successfully develop carbon plastics based on aluminum phosphate, aluminum boron phosphate and aluminum chromium phosphate adhesives. Moreover, they also used carbon fibers to enhance the performance of these adhesives.

Physical and mechanical tests have shown that these carbon fiber reinforced plastics exhibit extremely high tensile and bending strength and elasticity. Dynamic mechanical analysis results show that these materials have extraordinary heat resistance. Among them, carbon fiber reinforced plastics based on aluminum chromium phosphate have the highest strength and stiffness, and products made of them can withstand temperatures above 500°C.

The team said that organic adhesive plastics will pollute the environment during use, but the newly developed composite materials are very environmentally friendly. After these materials decompose, they will become components of clay and phosphate fertilizer. The relevant paper was published in the latest issue of the magazine "Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing".

Let me tell you what a geomagnetic storm is in one minute!

The sun is relatively active in the peak solar activity year, which is one of the reasons why geomagnetic storms have occurred frequently in recent years. Geomagnetic storms are a typical solar eruption activity. When the sun erupts, a coronal mass ejection occurs, and a single ejection can throw hundreds of millions of tons of solar material away from the sun's surface at a speed of hundreds to thousands of meters per second.