Whether a person is fat or not, look at the "roundness index", which is more reliable than BMI

People who care about their health have generally heard of the BMI index. Many people will use the BMI index to test whether their current weight is overweight. However, this BMI index is not very accurate and may mislead you to eat more and gain more body fat . Today we will share another index. Referring to this index may make your body healthier!

The classic BMI index may not work

The BMI index (body mass index) is what we often call the body mass index. It is calculated by dividing the weight (kg) by the square of the height (m). Because it is easy to understand and convenient to operate, it has become the most commonly used indicator to assess whether one's current weight is normal. It is also an important indicator for large-sample screening of obesity in the population.

BMI index classification standard

However, because it relies on height and weight, it does not take into account the impact of different body compositions of the people being measured, resulting in BMI results that are inconsistent with the facts. In other words, two people with the same BMI index may have huge differences in health status .

For example, for bodybuilders, their body fat percentage is very low and their muscle content is very high, but the weight of muscle is greater than the weight of fat. This will cause the BMI index of these bodybuilders to be high, and they can easily reach the level of overweight or even obesity, which goes against the original intention of the BMI index.

There is another type of people who would be defined by the BMI index as having normal or even low weight. They look thin from a distance, but have an obvious big belly on their slender torso when viewed from the side. When their body composition is measured, the visceral fat is excessive. This type of people are the "thin high-fat group" and are the ones that cannot be measured by the BMI index.

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Another limitation of the BMI index is that gender and age have a significant impact on it . Therefore, in the process of national physical fitness monitoring, in order to more accurately describe the weight health status of this age group, the BMI index classification standards will fluctuate according to gender and age.

A better index to describe obesity: BRI index

Since the BMI index is unreliable, are there other indicators that are both accurate and easy to calculate? There is indeed one, and that is the recently popular BRI index .

The BRI (body roundness index) is called the body roundness index, which is used to assess whether the body's visceral fat content exceeds the standard. The index is calculated based on height and waist circumference. The higher the value, the more obvious the visceral fat accumulation, and the higher the incidence of diseases such as obesity and metabolic syndrome may be.

BRI Index Calculation Formula

Through this index, those " skinny fat people " can be screened out and given timely health management intervention. Compared with the BMI index, the biggest difference of the BRI index is that it does not take weight into account, but directly measures waist circumference, effectively screening those big muscle bodybuilders, and can also catch those with excessive visceral fat in time. Especially for the elderly, the BRI index can more accurately assess their health status .

Excessive visceral fat is a major pain for the modern sedentary population. Excessive visceral fat increases the risk of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic diseases. People with excessive visceral fat are also called central obesity, which is characterized by a state of obesity that appears "normal" but is actually distributed in the abdominal viscera. The overall appearance is "normal", but the waist circumference increases.

According to the population standard in China, if the waist circumference of men is ≥90cm and that of women is ≥85cm, it can be diagnosed as central obesity; or if the visceral fat area is ≥80cm², it can be diagnosed as central obesity by using CT or MRI and other equipment to accurately measure it. So, whether you are fat or not, it is more reliable to measure your waist circumference and calculate the BRI index .

How to self-test the BRI index?

Since waist circumference data is so important, waist circumference measurement should be as accurate as possible. The standard waist circumference measurement method is as follows:

1. The person being measured should wear light clothing, stand vertically, with feet naturally separated by 25 to 30 cm, weight evenly distributed on both legs, maintain steady breathing, and avoid measuring while inhaling.

2. Use a non-elastic tape measure with a minimum scale of 1mm to measure horizontally around the abdomen at the midpoint of the line between the highest point of the iliac crest and the lower edge of the 12th rib, keeping all parts of the tape measure in a horizontal position and close to the skin without compressing it.

3. During measurement, the person being measured should keep the abdomen relaxed and not contract it.

4. The measurement value should be accurate to 1mm.

Currently, there is no unified standard for the normal range of BRI. Studies generally believe that people with a BRI of around 4.5 to 5.5 are relatively healthier and have a relatively lower risk of death .

People with a BRI of less than 3.4 may have malnutrition, muscle atrophy or lack of activity, and their all-cause mortality rate may increase by 25%. People with a BRI of 6.9 or above may have a 49% increase in all-cause mortality, indicating more obvious visceral fat accumulation and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and other diseases.

Limitations of BRI

It should be noted that BRI also has certain limitations. As a newer physical assessment indicator, BRI has less research than BMI and is still in the accumulation stage . At present, there is a lack of sufficient long-term research data to support the specific changes and predictive value of BRI in different populations and different disease states.

In addition, its measurement is relatively complicated. If the measuring position is slightly different, the measuring result will have a relatively large deviation. It is also not conducive to repeated measurement, so errors are prone to occur .

In addition, body differences will also affect the evaluation of numerical results. For example, higher muscle mass may lead to higher weight and waist circumference values, thereby overestimating the BRI value and falsely indicating health risks.

For example, for some fitness people with larger waist circumference, the BRI index will still be high (such as high-level weightlifters, etc.), but this does not mean that they have a higher risk of chronic diseases.
There are also many women who are fat in their buttocks and thighs but not in their waists, commonly known as "pear-shaped bodies". Fat accumulation in these parts will also cause related metabolic chronic disease risks, which should not be ignored. Therefore, more and more studies have found that compared with women, middle-aged and elderly men have a higher accuracy rate in predicting chronic diseases using the BRI index.
In fact, whether you use the BMI index or the BRI index, you should not feel anxious because of a specific value. The most important thing is to choose an active and healthy lifestyle and control body fat through active exercise and a reasonable diet.

References

[1] General Administration of Sport of China. National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletin[R]. Website of General Administration of Sport of China, 2023-03-12. https://www.gov.cn/guoqing/2023-03/12/content_5745851.htm

[2]Thomas DM, Bredlau C, Bosy-Westphal A, Mueller M, Shen W, Gallagher D, et al. Relationships between body roundness with body fat and visceral adipose tissue emerging from a new geometrical model. Obesity. 2013;21(11):2264–2271. doi: 10.1002/oby.20408.

[3] Obesity Prevention and Control Branch of Chinese Nutrition Society, Clinical Nutrition Branch of Chinese Nutrition Society, Behavioral Health Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Sports and Health Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. Expert consensus on obesity prevention and control among Chinese residents. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2022, 43(5): 610-624

[4] Liu Weida, Liu Yuxia, Leng Zhiwei. Comparative study on the predictive value of different abdominal obesity indicators for cardiovascular disease in the elderly[J]. Practical Preventive Medicine, 2024, 31(10): 1168-1171+1199.

[5]Zhang L, Yin J, Sun H, Dong W, Liu Z, Yang J, Liu Y. The relationship between body roundness index and depression: A cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018.J Affect Disord. 2024 Sep 15;361:17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.153

[6] Fu Fanglin, Pan Yaojia, Han Zheng, et al. Correlation between body roundness index and abnormal body mass metabolism phenotype in elderly people of different genders: triglyceride glucose product index as a potential influencing factor[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(30): 3746-3752+3757.

[7]Qiu L, Xiao Z, Fan B, Li L, Sun G. Association of body roundness index with diabetes and prediabetes in US adults from NHANES 2007-2018: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis. 2024 Aug 17;23(1):252. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02238-2

[8] Han Zheng, Wang Weiqiang, Pan Yaojia, et al. Relationship between continuous metabolic syndrome scores and other obesity indicators and cardiometabolic comorbidities in people over 35 years old: a cross-sectional study in Anhui Province[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(27): 3344-3350+3358.

Planning and production

Author: Yang Yizhuo, lecturer at the Sports and Medical Integration Innovation Center of Capital Institute of Physical Education

Zhao Qian Rehabilitation Medicine Clinic Specialist Rehabilitation Therapist

Reviewer: Tang Qin, Director of the Science Popularization Department of the Chinese Medical Association, National Health Science Popularization Expert

Planning丨He Tong

Editor: He Tong

Proofread by Xu Lailinlin