There are many reasons why you can't sleep And many people have encountered this kind of thing At night when sleeping The legs suddenly "woke up" Numbness, swelling and pain come in waves I feel like there are ants crawling It’s not easy to get a good night’s sleep After all this trouble, people are going to be crazy! This is probably Restless Legs Syndrome! Restless legs syndrome is a very common sleep disorder. During sleep, patients will experience unbearable discomfort such as limb soreness, numbness or tingling sensation , and their legs will move constantly and they cannot get rest. Image source: Photo Network Typical symptoms include: 1. Discomfort in the limbs, especially in the lower limbs, such as insect bites, pins and needles, and ants crawling; 2. Desire to move the lower limbs, which may be accompanied by paresthesia and dysesthesia; 3. The patient is restless and has difficulty falling asleep; 4. Symptoms occur at rest and are temporarily relieved after activity; 5. Symptoms are more obvious in the afternoon, at night, and before bedtime. Many people may not have heard of restless legs syndrome, but it is not a rare disease! Its prevalence rate in the adult population worldwide is approximately 2.5%-15% , with women being slightly more common than men, about twice as common as men, and the incidence rate increases with age. Restless legs syndrome can significantly reduce the patient's sleep quality, especially in terms of time to fall asleep, sleep continuity, total sleep time and sleep quality. Image source: Photo Network This disease not only affects oneself, but may also affect the person who sleeps with oneself. Some patients with mild symptoms are often urged by their partners to seek medical treatment... After all, their "bedmates" keep kicking their legs when they fall asleep, and may even kick themselves a few times, which is a bit unbearable. That’s a huge difference! In order to avoid making mistakes, let us teach you how to distinguish the symptoms of these diseases. Difference from cramps Restless legs syndrome patients can partially or completely relieve the discomfort symptoms by stretching their limbs, walking back and forth, etc. , and the urge to move can disappear when moving; If you have cramps at night, it’s a different story. Apart from enduring it, it’s almost impossible to relieve the symptoms of cramps by other means. Image source: Photo Network Difference from arthritis The pain symptoms of restless legs syndrome are rarely localized to a specific location, whereas arthritis is usually localized to a specific joint area with tenderness and pain. Exercise can quickly and effectively relieve the discomfort of restless legs syndrome, but it is not as effective in relieving leg pain caused by arthritis. Image source: Photo Network As for the relationship between rheumatism and restless legs syndrome, it is a bit complicated. Rheumatism combined with restless legs syndrome is relatively common. Some scholars believe that rheumatism is a possible cause of secondary restless legs syndrome. However, the specific connection between the two diseases is still unclear. If related symptoms are found, it is recommended to seek medical attention in time. Primary restless legs syndrome has a lot to do with genetics, and patients usually have a family history. Secondary restless legs syndrome is usually associated with various neurological diseases (such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord lesions, etc.), pregnancy, uremia, poor local blood circulation in the lower limbs, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, some drugs or substances may also induce or aggravate restless legs syndrome symptoms, such as antipsychotics, antiepileptic drugs, histamine receptor antagonists, alcohol, caffeine, etc. It matters! Studies have shown that iron deficiency or iron metabolism disorders can damage the substantia nigra neurons and affect the function of the dopamine system. Restless legs syndrome is directly related to underlying dopamine dysfunction in the brain , so iron deficiency can lead to the occurrence of restless legs syndrome. Therefore, when treating restless legs syndrome, taking an appropriate amount of iron supplements can effectively relieve symptoms. Usually not! Restless legs syndrome usually does not affect walking function or even cause disability. Most patients have mild symptoms, which only occur during rest or sleep and have little impact on daily walking function. Image source: Photo Network However, for some patients with severe conditions, leg discomfort may continue during the day, causing a certain degree of discomfort in walking. The main impact of restless legs syndrome is that it affects the patient's sleep quality , causing physical fatigue and decreased energy, making it impossible for the patient to work, study or carry out daily activities normally for a long time, affecting the patient's physical and mental health and reducing his or her quality of life. Timely medical treatment is the first choice! In terms of drug treatment , the most effective treatment for restless legs syndrome is dopamine receptor agonist, but it has certain side effects, so please use it according to your doctor's advice. Other medications include levodopa, pregabalin, gabapentin, benzodiazepines, antianxiety drugs, cloniidine, the anticonvulsant drugs baclofen and carbamazepine, the opioid tramadol, and appropriate iron supplements. Secondly, symptoms can be improved through non-drug treatments , including drinking less coffee and caffeinated beverages, drinking less alcohol, taking a hot bath or massage before going to bed, etc. Although restless legs syndrome is not life-threatening, it does affect the patient's quality of life. I hope more people will know about it, and both the patients themselves and the people around them will no longer feel unfamiliar with it. If relevant symptoms occur, they can be discovered and treated in time to get rid of the troubles caused by restless legs as soon as possible and regain a peaceful and comfortable night. Statement: This article is a medical-related educational popular science article. It does not involve specific treatment methods or medical behaviors and cannot replace hospital visits. Author Li Jiaqi, Five-year Clinical Medicine Program, West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University Sichuan University West China School of Clinical Medicine Five-Year Program Yang Shiqi Five-year program in clinical medicine at West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University Zhou Xiaoya Wang Xinruo, five-year clinical medicine program at West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University This article is guided by the teacher References [1]Xu Zhihao. Clinical characteristics, sleep quality and structure changes in patients with primary restless legs syndrome[D]; Nanchang University Nanchang University School of Medicine, 2014. [2] Tan Chunyu, Peng Rong, Qin Wei. Restless legs syndrome and Parkinson's disease[J]. West China Medical Journal, 2006, 21(4): 870-1. [3]OHAYON MM, O'HARA R, VITIELLO M V. Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: A synthesis of the literature [J]. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2012, 16(4): 283-95. [4]TIPTON PW, WSZOŁEK Z K. Restless legs syndrome and nocturnal leg cramps: a review and guide to diagnosis and treatment [J]. Pol Arch Intern Med, 2017, 127(12): 865-72. [5]HENING WA, ALLEN RP, WASHBURN M, et al. The four diagnostic criteria for Restless Legs Syndrome are unable to exclude confounding conditions ("mimics") [J]. Sleep Med, 2009, 10(9): 976-81. [6]ONDO W, TAN EK, MANSOOR J. Rheumatologic serologies in secondary restless legs syndrome [J]. Mov Disord, 2000, 15(2): 321-3. [7] ALLEN RP, PICCHIETTI D, HENING WA, et al. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health [J]. Sleep Med, 2003, 4(2): 101-19. [8]SAS AM, DI FONZO A, BAKKER SL, et al. Autosomal dominant restless legs syndrome maps to chromosome 20p13 (RLS-5) in a Dutch kindred [J]. Mov Disord, 2010, 25(11): 1715-22. [9] Wu Wei, Xue Rong. Restless legs syndrome[J]. Chinese Journal of Modern Neurological Diseases, 2013, 13(5): 387-91. [10] Liu Chunfeng, Xiong Kangping. Secondary restless legs syndrome[Z]. Proceedings of the 3rd Chinese Sleep Medicine Forum. Xi'an. 2009: 9-11 [11] Wang Chizhong, Zhao Yongbo. Restless Legs Syndrome[Z]. Proceedings of the 7th National Conference on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders and the 2010 Shanghai Jiaotong University International Symposium on Neurological Diseases. Shanghai. 2010: 168-71. [12] Wang Chuanlei, Wang Zan, Chen Qianqian, et al. Rehabilitation treatment of restless legs syndrome; proceedings of the 11th National Academic Annual Conference of the Chinese Sleep Research Society, Jinan, Shandong, China, F, 2019 [C]. Content Production Editor: Zhang Fuyao Map: Eastern Zhou Dynasty |
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