IEA: Developing a definition of hydrogen based on emissions intensity

The IEA has published the report “Towards a definition of hydrogen based on emissions intensity”.

A clear understanding of emissions associated with hydrogen production can help promote investment and scale-up

Most large-scale projects to produce low-emission hydrogen face important bottlenecks. Only 4% of announced projects are under construction or have reached a final investment decision. Uncertainty about future demand, a lack of infrastructure to deliver hydrogen to end users, and a lack of clarity in the regulatory framework and certification schemes are preventing project developers from making a firm decision to invest.

The production and use of hydrogen, ammonia and hydrogen-based fuels needs to be scaled up

The G7 is a cornerstone of efforts to accelerate and scale up the production and use of low-emission hydrogen, ammonia and hydrogen-based fuels. G7 members account for around a quarter of global hydrogen production and demand today. At the same time, G7 members are leading the way in decarbonizing hydrogen production and developing technologies for new hydrogen applications. However, G7 members cannot meet this challenge alone. The development of an international hydrogen market will require the participation of a wide range of other stakeholders, including emerging economies.

A definition of hydrogen based on emissions intensity could form a strong basis for regulation

The emissions intensity of hydrogen production varies significantly depending on the production route.

The emissions intensity of hydrogen produced by electrolysis is determined by the emissions of the electricity used.

Carbon capture and storage technology can reduce direct emissions from fossil hydrogen production, but measures are needed to reduce upstream and midstream emissions.

Governments should develop roadmaps for domestic and imported decarbonized hydrogen production based on their national conditions.

Referencing the emissions intensity of hydrogen production in regulations could enable interoperability and limit market fragmentation

Several certification systems or regulatory frameworks defining hydrogen’s sustainability attributes are currently being developed, but a lack of consistency could lead to a fragmented market.

Regulations and certification for the emissions intensity of production using hydrogen should also be able to accommodate additional sustainability criteria.