CEIDCO: 2024 Global Electricity Development Index Research Report

Electricity is the core and key link in building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. Electricity is the main way to develop and utilize clean energy. Electricity can achieve flexible and efficient conversion between multiple energy sources and is the main choice for terminal replacement of fossil energy. The power system connects clean primary energy such as hydropower, wind energy, and solar energy and secondary energy such as thermal energy and hydrogen energy. It is an important hub and platform carrier for achieving efficient energy allocation. Against the background of global "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", the status and role of power development in promoting energy transformation and ensuring energy security have become more prominent, which is of great significance to achieving sustainable energy development and responding to climate change.

Energy activities are the main source of carbon emissions. The "Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 2022" analysis report released by the International Energy Agency shows that energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in 2022 reached 36.8 billion tons, a record high, accounting for 83% of the world's total carbon emissions. By industry, carbon emissions from the power industry reached 14.7 billion tons, accounting for 40% of carbon emissions in the energy sector, and the second-ranked industrial industry's carbon emissions were only half of the power industry's carbon emissions. The main reason is that the traditional power system, which mainly relies on fossil energy combustion for power generation, has a high carbon emission intensity, and the growing demand for electricity has caused a large amount of carbon emissions. The green and low-carbon development process of the power industry will directly determine the effectiveness of carbon emission reduction in the energy industry. At the same time, as an important choice for replacing fossil energy in other energy industries such as industry, emission reduction in the power industry has a positive driving effect on carbon emission reduction in other energy industries.

With the rapid growth of wind power and solar power generation, the proportion of fossil energy power generation has gradually decreased, and the global power industry's carbon emissions have entered a stage of structural decline. In 2023, the global power industry's carbon emissions will be 13.58 billion kilograms, and the average annual growth rate will drop to 0.9%. Global carbon emissions per unit of electricity consumption continue to decline, falling to about 0.49 kg/kWh in 2023, a decrease of 8 percentage points in the past five years.

Renewable energy such as wind and solar energy is extremely abundant in the world and has the advantages of being clean, easily accessible and widely distributed. Power generation is a technical approach to large-scale development and efficient utilization of various renewable energy sources. Clean substitution of fossil energy on the supply side plays an important role in ensuring energy security and promoting energy transformation. In recent years, the scale of global renewable energy development has been expanding rapidly and is becoming the leading force in accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the world's energy structure.

The proportion of clean energy power generation capacity and power generation has gradually increased, and the power structure has continued to optimize. In 2023, the total installed capacity of global power generation will reach 8.96 billion kilowatts, of which clean energy installed capacity will be about 4.2 billion kilowatts, accounting for about 47%, an increase of 7.6 percentage points in the past five years. In 2023, the total power generation of global power generation will reach 29.7 trillion kilowatt-hours, of which clean energy power generation will account for 39.3%, an increase of 3.3 percentage points in the past five years.

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