Brighter, wider color gamut: What does it mean that the iPhone 7 screen supports DCI-P3?
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It has been a week since the release of iPhone7/7 Plus, but with the release of the official version of iOS 10 and various reviews of the new phones, the popularity of the new iPhone continues unabated. As for the new design and new features of iPhone7/7 Plus, everyone should be able to recite them with their eyes closed: new colors, pressure-sensitive home button, IP67 waterproof level, large aperture dual camera, and the disappearance of 3.5mm headphone jack, etc. In fact, there is another important improvement that is very representative but not highlighted at the press conference - the improvement of the iPhone7/7 Plus screen. The iPhone7/7 Plus screen has improved in two aspects, one is higher brightness (up to 625nit) and the other is a wider color gamut (reaching the DCI-P3 wide color gamut standard). The improvement of these two screen technologies of Apple just follows the trend of display technology development in recent years, and the most representative consumer industry at the forefront of this trend is the long-standing color TV industry. Next, we will follow the two clues of the iPhone7/7 Plus screen upgrade and discuss what problems the development of display technology in recent years is solving. What are the concepts of 625nite and DCI-P3? When you watch the screen, you must have never experienced the dazzling feeling of looking directly at the sun. The brightness can reach 10 to the fifth power. The brightness space that the human eye can recognize is very huge. Of course, it does not mean that the display device should be as dazzling as the sun. 625nite is probably the brightness of the road under the dark clouds during the day, which is far less than the brightness of the light reflected by objects in sunny weather. DCI-P3 is a newer color standard for digital cinema, which tries to match the entire color gamut in the movie as much as possible. It is not the standard with the widest color gamut (the latest standard is BT.2020), but it has more red and green ranges above the Rec.709 standard. For example, the comparison in the figure below. For display devices, the more colors they can display, the more powerful they are. As for whether it is real or not, it has a lot to do with the shooting equipment and image processing technology. At least for now, it is still within the range of the spectrum that the human eye can recognize. From these two points, we can vaguely see that the research and breakthroughs that people are constantly doing in display technology are all centered on "letting people see effects closer to the real world on display devices." Getting closer to reality sounds like a very simple thing, and it even feels like it can surpass reality. However, the feeling of surpassing reality has obviously lost its practical significance, and the process of developing an effect that is getting closer to reality is also very difficult. So what concepts do people use to quantify the simulation of the real world on display devices? It can be divided into five basic quantitative elements: resolution, grayscale, frame rate, color gamut space, and brightness dynamic range . The brightness standard has stagnated for many years, and HDR has not been amazing enough. As mentioned earlier, the human eye can feel that the brightness information of the real world is very rich. By adjusting the pupil's enlargement and reduction, it can see everything from the faint starlight in the dark to the dazzling sunlight under the scorching sun, and the span range can be as wide as 0 to 10^5. In the field of industrial film display, the brightness range has almost always been using the SDR standard of 50 years ago, which can only carry up to 10^3 digits at most, and the display device cannot reflect the real situation seen by the human eye at all. In recent years, the HDR standard has been promoted, and the brightness performance has been greatly improved, but due to the development limitations of hardware technology, the actual brightness that can be achieved is limited. At the beginning of the year, all major TV manufacturers launched flagship products with a brightness of around 1000 nit. In August, Sony was the first to launch a new Z series flagship model with a peak brightness of 4000 nit. However, this is still far from the 10^5 that the human eye can recognize. High brightness does not only bring "blinding brightness". To understand the display effect, we need to make all quantitative concepts three-dimensional, and they work together. For example, the center of fireworks and fire in the real world is colored, but if a display device with a lower brightness range is used to reproduce the scene, the color of the center of the fireworks and fire may not be expressed, and it will only be pale. Because each brightness level contains different colors and grayscales. The larger the brightness range that can be accommodated, the more brightness levels there will be, and the same color and grayscale information will be richer. The growth of color gamut is very radical, and quantum dots have been breaking through. The screen of iPhone7/7 Plus has been upgraded from full sRGB to DCI-P3 standard. This span is actually very large. DCI-P3 is a very mature standard used in the film industry. It almost covers sRGB and can present richer colors. iPhone 6S vs. iPhone 7 display effect In the development of color gamut, the BT.709 standard has been used for almost 50 years, including some current film and television works still use this standard in shooting and production. The main reason is that most display devices can only support this standard. Although the standard is always in the forefront, the display device is catching up very quickly. At present, the top industrial standard for color gamut is BT.2020 color gamut, and the color gamut coverage of the current top Sony 4K OLED monitor BVM-X300 can only fully cover DCI-P3 and BT.709 color gamut, but it is smaller than BT.2020. At the civilian level, LCD TVs using quantum dot technology can already break through 120% of the NTSC color gamut. Think about when everyone was still discussing when to break through 100% NTSC a few years ago. It can be said that the technology of color filters on LCDs is already very high, and coupled with the pure backlight brought by quantum dots, LCD TVs have an innate advantage in color gamut performance. Therefore, when many TV manufacturers promote LCD TVs, they are very enthusiastic about putting color gamut at the focus of their promotion. Why didn't iPhone7/7 Plus increase screen resolution? Compared with brightness and color, the development of screen resolution has been very abnormal. 8K TV is ready to go, but it seems insufficient in some aspects, such as the VR field. The 326ppi on the iPhone has been used for many years. The Plus version has been slightly improved, but this generation still uses the standards of the previous two generations. Why are other elements of the screen underdeveloped, but only the resolution has developed too fast but is not dared to use it? On mobile devices, everyone discusses the energy consumption ratio and the limit of human eye recognition resolution. As a editor who deals with TV, I think that in addition to this, the lag in content supply is also a very important issue. On the one hand, if the resolution is to be improved, the processing performance, storage capacity, decoding technology, and image processing technology of the device all need to be improved at the same time to bring about the current high-resolution effect. However, the development speed of these coordinated elements has not been able to keep up with the improvement of resolution. You should know that a 16K resolution screen has appeared at the siggraph 2016 conference, and the driver of this screen is AMD's latest Radeon Pro graphics card. It is just a primary driver. If it is used to play games, its performance is far from enough. In fact, under a certain screen size and viewing distance, the difference in viewing brought by the continuous improvement of resolution of display devices will only become smaller and smaller. This is indeed because the clarity that the human eye can distinguish is limited. The TV screen can already reach 8K resolution, but the content supply has not even reached 4K, which has led to the fact that the improvement of hardware resolution has not brought about an actual improvement in viewing experience. Especially now that TV stations have not even popularized 1080P channels, it is really meaningless to talk about 8K TV. However, VR technology particularly needs such a high-resolution display screen, so as to bring a more realistic and delicate display effect. However, the content is also a flaw. What can we do with 16K? There are no 16K movies and games; what can we do with 16K games? The graphics card that drives 16K games must also be a super power tiger. It can be seen that the iPhone7/7 Plus has not increased the resolution, which is the same as the current TV industry has not radically broken through 4K to pursue 8K resolution. The additional burden on the device far exceeds the sensory enjoyment brought by the resolution increase. The real world perceived by the human eye is the direction of display technology efforts There are a lot of display technologies, including the old CRT and plasma, the long-standing LCD, the quantum dots of the improved LCD, the self-luminous OLED, and various projection technologies and laser display technologies. No matter how they progress and improve, the ultimate goal is to allow us to experience the reality and shock of being on the scene on the display device without leaving home. In the consumer field, we can see that the top mobile phones and flagship TVs are working towards this direction, but the scenes and positioning they use are different, and the focus is also different, but the ultimate goal is still the same. I hope that the future display technology will not be bound by form, so that the window to the world will be real, delicate and within reach. As a winner of Toutiao's Qingyun Plan and Baijiahao's Bai+ Plan, the 2019 Baidu Digital Author of the Year, the Baijiahao's Most Popular Author in the Technology Field, the 2019 Sogou Technology and Culture Author, and the 2021 Baijiahao Quarterly Influential Creator, he has won many awards, including the 2013 Sohu Best Industry Media Person, the 2015 China New Media Entrepreneurship Competition Beijing Third Place, the 2015 Guangmang Experience Award, the 2015 China New Media Entrepreneurship Competition Finals Third Place, and the 2018 Baidu Dynamic Annual Powerful Celebrity. |
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