Go to Ningxia and unlock the treasure world!

Ningxia

Definitely beyond your expectation

Treasure Provinces

It is the only one in China

The Great Wall of different historical periods

Almost completely surrounded by provinces

The famous saying: "He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man"

Also written here

(Distribution diagram of the Great Wall in Ningxia and its surrounding areas, drawn by @王申雯&张伟/Planet Research Institute)

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It is the only one in China

Provinces and regions with Western Xia imperial tombs

The main building

Known as the "Oriental Pyramid"

Above the vast wilderness

Giant rammed earth "pyramid"

With the towering Helan Mountains as a backdrop

Standing for a Thousand Years

Trying hard to present

A mysterious and majestic past

(Please watch horizontally, the Western Xia Mausoleum in the morning light, photographer @丁俊豪)

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It is the only one in China

All provinces and regions in the Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River is the source

The aqueduct was dug here in successive dynasties.

A large number of ancient water conservancy engineering heritages have been formed

Let the Yinchuan Plain transform into

"Jiangnan on the Great Wall"

Aerial view

Even if surrounded by many deserts

Ningxia is still full of green

(Ningxia satellite image, drawn by @Zhang Wei & Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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However

These are just

A glimpse of "Treasure Ningxia"

Nearly 300,000 movable cultural relics

and numerous immovable cultural relics

And the colorful years behind them

This is the essence of Ningxia's history and culture

Ningxia

How many surprises are there?

Waiting for us to discover?

01

Great Wall

Ningxia Today

Located in the northwest of central my country

Several natural geographical boundaries

Crossing Ningxia

The geographical environment is very different between the north and the south

Coexist here

(Ningxia and China's three major natural divisions, China's temperature zone division, and China's animal geographical division, drawn by @王申雯&张伟/Planetary Research Institute)

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Going back thousands of years

The Eastern Monsoon Region

Annual precipitation is basically stable at more than 400 mm

Suitable for cultivating farmland and producing food

Northwestern arid and semi-arid regions

Annual precipitation is basically below 400 mm

Grasslands and deserts are widespread here

Basically only grazing and hunting

(Hunting scene in the Helan Mountain rock painting rubbings, picture from @Planetary Research Institute, map by @Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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The amount of precipitation gives rise to

Nomadic and agricultural groups

Friction between ethnic groups continues to escalate

Until the war broke out

(From "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·June", which records the war against Rongdi in Shaanxi and Ningxia during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou)

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The king went out to fight to save the kingdom.

(Some bronze weapons from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, photographers @丁俊豪,刘思尧, map @王申雯/Planetary Research Institute)

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Driven by war

The boundary formed by precipitation

Gradually materializing on the earth

One of the oldest walls in China

Born in Ningxia

Countless heroes

With ambition and desire

Step onto this vast land

Warring States Period

Nomadic tribes in northern Qin

Yiqu Rong rebelled

The Queen Mother Xuan of Qin State plotted to kill the King of Yiqu

And built the Great Wall in southern Ningxia

(The Queen Mother Xuan of Qin was the first "Queen Mother" in China. The picture below is the Great Wall of Qin during the Warring States Period. Photographer: @刘杰, tagged: @王申雯/Planetary Research Institute)

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Qin and Han Dynasties

Xiaoguan, a pass in the Great Wall

(now southeast of Guyuan City, Ningxia)

Already famous

It is equipped with the main body of the Great Wall, etc.

Let’s protect Guanzhong together

(Sketch of the relationship between Xiaoguan, the Great Wall and the Guanzhong Plain, drawn by @王申雯&张伟/Planetary Research Institute)

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Western Han Dynasty

Emperor Wu of Han sent famous generals Wei Qing and Huo Qubing

Equipped with advanced weapons such as crossbows

Marching north across the Helan Mountains

Attack the Xiongnu Royal Court

Emperor Wu of Han then built the Great Wall on a large scale in Ningxia

He visited Ningxia six times

"Look at all the other countries, the Yuezhi are vassal, the Xiongnu are submissive"

(The above is from the Han Dynasty Yuefu "Shang Zhi Hui", and the following is a schematic diagram of the bronze crossbow mechanism and its principle in the Han Dynasty. The picture comes from @星球研究院, and the map is @郑伯蓉, 王申雯/星球研究院)

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Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

Chaos

Ningxia gradually became

A place where the Qiang, Xiongnu, Xianbei and other ethnic groups lived together

Former Zhao (Xiongnu), Later Zhao (Jie)

Former Qin (Di), Later Qin (Qiang)

Xia (Xiongnu), Northern Wei (Xianbei)

The Northern Zhou and other regimes came to power here one after another

(Some Northern Wei and Northern Zhou soldier figurines, pictures from @Planet Research Institute, map by @王申雯/Planet Research Institute)

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Many nomadic peoples

Competing and fighting in Ningxia and other places

The Turks finally won

Founding of the Turkic Khanate

There is a tendency to unify the world

pity

It met the Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty soldiers only took 20 years to

Defeated the Turkic Khanate

The tribesmen who surrendered

Most of them were settled in the Hetao area (including the Ningxia Plain)

Emperor Taizong of Tang, Li Shimin, went to Lingzhou (now Wuzhong City, Ningxia)

Appeasing the minority tribes on the grasslands

The tribal leaders respectfully called him "Tian Khan"

(The above data comes from "A Study on the History of Relations between the Turkic Khanate and the Sui and Tang Dynasties", and the picture below shows some Tang Dynasty warrior figurines. The picture comes from @星球研究院, Ding Junhao, Liu Siyao, and the map is @王申雯/星球研究院)

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after

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang appointed Wang Wei

Condolences to the soldiers guarding the border

Passing through Xiaoguan area

Wang Wei had a vast world in front of him and a lofty sentiment in his heart

I wrote down "The smoke rises straight up the desert, the sun sets over the long river"

After that

Song and Xixia Confrontation

The Xiaoguan area once again became the front line of the war

The Song court spared no effort in manpower and material resources

Rebuilding Xiaoguan Pass on the border between Song and Xia

More than 30 forts were added

(The ruins of the ancient city of Xi'an, located in Haiyuan, Ningxia, picture from @Visual China)

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Yue Fei, a famous general of the Southern Song Dynasty

Looking north and setting great aspirations

We must "drive a long car and break through the Helan Mountain Pass"

(Please watch in horizontal mode. The Helan Mountains described by Yue Fei are very likely not the Helan Mountains of today. There is still controversy in the academic community about this, but there is no doubt that Yue Fei's poem greatly increased the popularity of the Helan Mountains. The picture below shows the Guidegou Great Wall in the Helan Mountains. Photographer: @郭志洪)

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on the other hand

Xixia, a country founded on military power

Strength should not be underestimated

Its Xia Kingdom Sword

Made with cutting-edge technology at the time

Unique in the world

Even the emperor of the Song Dynasty wore this sword

(Xia Guojian, picture from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, map @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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Its porcelain thorn

Pottery with gunpowder inside

The surface is covered with spikes like a sea urchin

Similar to today's landmines

Mainly used against cavalry

(Xixia porcelain thorn, picture from @Planet Research Institute, Li Peng, map @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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However

Neither the Song Dynasty nor the Western Xia Dynasty was the ultimate winner

The rise of Mongolia further north

Leader Genghis Khan led his cavalry south to fight for supremacy

But he died in Liupan Mountain (located in Haiyuan, Ningxia)

The Mongolian tribes inherited his legacy

Then he swept across the world and established the Yuan Dynasty

On the Long March more than 700 years later

Chairman Mao Crosses Liupan Mountain

Overlooking the Great Wall

Leaving behind famous quotes

“If you haven’t been to the Great Wall, you are not a true man”

(Please watch in horizontal mode. There is controversy in the academic community about the place where Genghis Khan died. The mainstream view is that he died in Liupan Mountain. The above poem is from Mao Zedong's "Qingpingle·Liupan Mountain". The Great Wall in the poem is the Pengyang Qin Great Wall in the Warring States Period in the picture below. The picture comes from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, marked @王申雯/Planet Research Institute)

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After the Yuan Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty was a very small number of

The dynasty that unified China from south to north

An extremely difficult war route

Drive the Mongol forces out of the Great Wall

(Ming Dynasty iron chain mail, picture from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, map @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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The Ming Dynasty was still not enough

Still along the Great Wall

A series of military castles were rebuilt and added

For long-term residence of soldiers guarding the border

Specialized in combating the remnant forces of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty

(The relationship between the Great Wall and the castle, drawn by @王申雯、张静/Planetary Research Institute)

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then

Guyuan Ancient City near the site of Xiaoguan

Became an important border town in the Ming Dynasty

Exaggerated double-height wall

Make it impregnable

(The restoration diagram of the ancient city of Guyuan in the Ming Dynasty. The terrain is only for illustration, not the real scene. Map by @王申雯、张静/Planet Research Institute)

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During the nearly 300 years since the founding of the Ming Dynasty,

The construction of the Great Wall was almost never interrupted.

Especially the Great Wall in Ningxia

Affected the demarcation of nearly half of the districts in Ningxia today

(Distribution diagram of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall in Ningxia. The Xiaoguan in the picture is the site of the Xiaoguan in the Han Dynasty. It was abandoned in the Ming Dynasty. Map by @张威&王申雯/Planet Research Institute)

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So far

The Great Wall of Many Dynasties

They will appear in Ningxia one by one

When we return to the origin

Revisiting the precipitation that started it all

You will find

Precipitation is like an invisible hand

Silently controlling the direction of the Great Wall and the war

(The Great Wall of Ningxia and the distribution of precipitation. The distribution of the Great Wall and today's precipitation line are surprisingly consistent. This is just for illustration. Map by @张威&王申雯/Planet Research Institute)

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but

This land with relatively little rainfall and a large number of Great Walls

Not impoverished by war

Instead, it has become one of the most prosperous regions in Northwest China.

This is because Ningxia has

Another powerful force

Yellow River

02

Yellow River

Today, Ningxia is surrounded by

Tengger Desert, Maowusu Desert, Ulan Buh Desert

If nothing unexpected happens

Ningxia is likely to see large areas of desert Gobi

But something unexpected happened

The Yellow River originates from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Rushing into Ningxia

And all the way north

Several beautiful "Ω" shapes are formed along the way

(Ningxia Yellow River, photographer @Yu Ming)

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In addition, the water originating from the Helan Mountains

There is also supply for the plains below the mountain

Ningxia has relatively abundant water resources

From ancient times

It is the home of many living beings

About 30,000 to 40,000 years ago

Giant bison live here

(Bull head fossil, picture from @Planetary Research Institute, Ding Junhao, map @Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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Ostriches breed here

(Ostrich egg fossil, picture from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, map by @Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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Early humans also awakened here

They began to look at the world

And try to convey what you see and feel as much as possible

Recorded on the rock wall

For example, with multiple lines

Bison in rapid motion

(Helan Mountain rock painting rubbings, image from @Planetary Research Institute, map by @Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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on the rocks

Leave your fingerprints

(Helan Mountain rock painting rubbings, image from @Planetary Research Institute, map by @Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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And one by one

Smiling or silent face

(Helan Mountain rock painting rubbings, image from @Planetary Research Institute, map by @Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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This is an extremely time-consuming and laborious task.

Because the ancestors of Ningxia did not have sharp tools

Only stone can be used to carve rock walls

But the hardness of the two is close

Only repeated abrasion can carve out the lines

They are so persistent

Leaving traces of its existence between heaven and earth

(Helan Mountain rock painting rubbings, image from @Planetary Research Institute, map by @Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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Sites of Early Civilization in Ningxia

Mostly in the Yellow River

and its tributaries

(Distribution diagram of Stone Age sites in Ningxia, drawn by @Zhang Wei, Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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With the progress of society

The ancients used more advanced skills

Continue to record the world nurtured by the Yellow River

For example, pottery technology

Recreating the shape of water birds

(A side-mouthed painted pottery pot shaped like a water bird, the picture comes from @Planetary Research Institute, and the map is @Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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Gold casting technology

Recreate the moment when a beast bites its prey

From the top or the side

Can clearly see

This thrilling scene

(Gold buckle with animal pattern, picture from @Planet Research Institute, Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, map by @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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Bronze casting technology

Recreate a scene of birds flying high

A colorful world where herds of deer and sheep run freely

Show the vitality and aura of life

(Some bronze ornaments with animal images, pictures from @Planetary Research Institute, graphics by @王申雯/Planetary Research Institute)

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The ancestors of Ningxia not only observed animals

Hunting and domesticating animals

And put the bridle on the horse

Long chariot with bronze decorations

Used as a means of transportation

Different from what we see in museums today

When these copper sheets were made

It's not rusty green

But golden yellow

Mysterious geometric pattern

Decorate the carriage magnificently

(Please watch in horizontal mode, the restoration of the chariot and horse equipment is shown here. The pictures are from @Planetary Research Institute, Zhou Yang and Song Dan, and the forgetful world of photography. The map is by @Zheng Borong and Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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The Yellow River helped the ancestors of Ningxia

Creating a rich culture

And humans began

Utilize the Yellow River on a larger scale

(On one side is the Yellow River wetland, on the other side is the wasteland, photographer @Lu Wen)

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Since the Qin Dynasty

People gradually dug the Qin Canal and the Han Yan Canal.

Tanglai Canal, Haowang Canal and other Yellow River diversion projects

At present, among the 14 Yellow River diversion canals in Ningxia

There are still 11 canals that are renovated based on ancient canals.

Still in use today

(Ningxia’s main ancient irrigation canal diverts water from the Yellow River. Map by @陈志浩&王申雯&张伟/Planet Research Institute)

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With the help of aqueduct

People irrigated the land and cultivated farmland

(Gilded bronze plaque, image from @Planetary Research Institute, drawing by @王申雯/Planetary Research Institute)

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For the harvested food

The whole family is on the battlefield

Parents carrying their children

Husking the rice

(Northern Song Dynasty brick carving of a rice pestle. The pestle is the mortar and the tilted pestle in the picture. Its main function is to husk rice. The picture comes from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, and the map is @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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A naked little kid

Also trying to help adults

Pushing a grinding wheel push rod that is taller than you

The working scene is very vivid

(Brick carving of a millstone, image from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, drawing by @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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With the unremitting efforts of generations of Ningxia people

Cultivated land area in Yinchuan Plain

From the Han Dynasty's more than 500,000 acres

Gradually increased to more than 2 million mu in Ming and Qing dynasties

(The above data comes from "Research on Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Development and Environmental Change in Ningxia", and the figure below shows the change in cultivated land area in Yinchuan Plain, mapped by @王申雯/Planet Research Institute)

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The term "Sai Shang Jiang Nan"

It gradually became the Yinchuan Plain

Even the synonym of Ningxia

(Please watch in horizontal mode, Shahu Ecological Tourism Area in Xidatan, Pingluo County, photographer @娄广臣)

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Need to know

In Maowusu, Tengger, Ulanbuhe

Under the siege of the three deserts

About 3/4 of the land in Ningxia

Arid or semi-arid state

Ningxia relies on the Yellow River and the Helan Mountains.

Repulsed the desert invasion

Created the largest

“Man-made oasis”

A miracle

(Please watch in horizontal screen, the Yinchuan Plain where the Yellow River flows through Ningxia. The above data is from "The Epic of the Yellow River: The Style of the Great Yellow River·Ningxia Volume", photographer @陈剑峰)

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Until today

The Yinchuan Plain is still

One of the important grain producing areas in Northwest China

Ningxia's Yellow River cities also developed first

With 43% of the area

Creates more than 90% of GDP

(The above data is from the 2021 "Ningxia Statistical Yearbook". The figure below shows the main rice producing areas in Yinchuan, Ningxia. Map by @陈志浩&王申雯/Planet Research Institute)

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The Yellow River nourishes the people

It also irrigated a "Jiangnan on the Great Wall"

The miracle of "Treasure Ningxia"

More than that

03

Miracle

As early as the 2nd century BC

It started with Zhang Qian’s opening up of the Western Regions

A great road network through Ningxia

Across Eurasia

Products on this website

Silk is the main commodity

Therefore, it was later called

The Silk Road

(Please watch in horizontal mode, schematic diagram of the Silk Road, map by @张伟&王申雯/Planetary Research Institute)

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Along the Silk Road

Han, Jie, Xiongnu, Yuezhi

Qiang, Di, Xianbei, Tubo

Tiele, Rouran, Gaoche, Turkic, Sogdian

The Uighurs, Tanguts, Mongols and many other ethnic groups

Business Travel

Constant exchanges with camel caravans

(Horse-leading terracotta figures, horse terracotta figures, and painted camel terracotta figures. The pictures are from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department and Xu Jianfeng. The map is drawn by @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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Currency of many regimes

Also circulated here

(Some coins and cultural relics, pictures from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, Planet Research Institute, map by @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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Northern Zhou Dynasty

Mr. and Mrs. Li Xian living in Ningxia

They bought luxury goods from the Silk Road

For example, at that time, the price was comparable to that of gold.

Sassanian style glass bowl

(Glass bowl, picture from @柳叶氘, Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, map by @王申雯/Planet Research Institute)

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There are also luxurious and exquisite gilded silver pots

Expand the character image on the pot horizontally

A continuous story of ancient Greek mythology

It appears before our eyes

(Gilded silver pot, the first set of patterns is Trojan prince Paris presenting the golden apple to the Greek goddess Aphrodite; afterwards, Aphrodite helped Paris meet Spartan queen Helen, the second set of patterns is Helen holding a jewelry box and eloping with Paris; however, the Spartan king was furious and launched the Trojan War, winning with the "Trojan Horse Plan", the third set of patterns is the Spartan king wearing a helmet and welcoming his wife Helen back, pictures from @Sun Zhijun, Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, map @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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Sogdians lived as merchants

(in present-day Tajikistan and Uzbekistan)

Shi Family

They have also settled in Ningxia and other places for a long time.

Or enter the official career

Or continue to do business

(Please watch in horizontal mode, the distribution of tombs from the Sui and Tang dynasties in the southern plateau of Guyuan, Ningxia, drawn by @王申雯&张伟/Planet Research Institute)

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From their tombs

Blue Gem Seal

With gold covering, etc.

They all have a distinct exotic style

(Golden mask unearthed from the tomb of the Shi family, picture from @Planetary Research Institute, map by @王申雯/Planetary Research Institute)

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Other Sogdian ethnic groups

Also wearing gold face ornaments

The center of the forehead band

You can clearly see the circle and the half-moon

Some experts speculate

This may be related to the Sogdians' belief in worshipping the sun and the moon.

(Golden face decoration, picture from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, map by @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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Many Hu merchants and their descendants

Bringing local customs to Chang'an along the Silk Road

Then it became popular all over the world

Girls in the Tang Dynasty could wear Hu clothing

Ride a horse and ride freely

(Painted female figurines riding horses, pictures from @李鹏, Ningxia Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute, and drawn by @王申雯/Planet Research Institute)

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Spinning dance introduced from the Silk Road

Hu Xuan Dance

Popular in the Tang Dynasty

Sexy dancer

And flirted with his dance partner

(Stone carving of Hu Xuanwu tomb door, picture from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, map @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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Along the Silk Road

Not only business travel but also

monk

Relics and artifacts of many religions

Remains in Ningxia

(The conversion jar, also known as the "soul bottle", is a kind of religious burial object. The picture comes from @Planetary Research Institute and Ningxia Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute, and the map is @Wang Shenwen/Planetary Research Institute)

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The most influential foreign religion

Buddhism

Xumishan Grottoes, first built in the Northern Wei Dynasty

It is one of its important relics.

(Xumi Mountain Grottoes, photographer @Lu Hu)

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In Ningxia

The largest ancient temple complex

Niu Shou Mountain Temple Group

Also belongs to Buddhism

(Niu Shou Mountain Temple Group, Photographer @刘思尧)

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Outside of Buddhism

Buildings of other religions

Also noteworthy

(Najiahu Mosque, photographer @刘思尧)

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The Zhongwei Gao Temple in Ningxia

It is even more special than Lingwu Gaomiao.

They are religious sites that combine Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

The main building is located on a high platform

Stretched posture, staggered layers

(Lingwu Gao Temple, its main hall is divided into three floors, the first floor is the Great Hall, where Tathagata and others are placed; the second floor is where the Jade Emperor and others are placed; the third floor is where Taishang Laojun and others are placed, photographer @李鹏)

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A

emperor

The great integration promoted

It is even more amazing

Li Yuanhao, the founding emperor of Western Xia

Order Minister Yeli Renrong

Creation of Tangut script

It absorbs the structure and strokes of Chinese characters.

It also incorporates the Xixia people’s understanding of language.

(Wooden carving printing plate with large Xixia characters, picture from @Ningxia Cultural Tourism Department, map by @Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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The mausoleum built under the supervision of Li Yuanhao

Also unique

It inherits the tradition of Tang and Song tombs.

Based on the grassland people

The idea of ​​worshipping ghosts and gods

This makes the central axis of the cemetery slightly to the west.

(Please watch in horizontal mode. This is a diagram of the restoration of Li Yuanhao's tomb. There is still controversy in the academic community as to whether Tomb L3 is Li Yuanhao's tomb, which needs further research. Map by @王申雯&汉青/星球研究院)

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The main buildings of the cemetery

Giant mausoleum tower

Some experts speculate that it may be built based on Buddhist ideas.

Because of its cone shape

It is called the "Pyramid of the East"

(Structural analysis of the mausoleum tower, photographer @丁俊豪, map @王申雯&汉青/Planet Research Institute)

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This cultural fusion

Life with Ningxia people

Become one with

here

Ethnic diversity

(Some cultural relics with human figures in Ningxia, pictures from @Planet Research Institute, map by @王申雯/Planet Research Institute)

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Rich entertainment

(Acrobat figurines from the Qing Dynasty, image from @Planetary Research Institute, map by @王申雯/Planetary Research Institute)

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Years have precipitated this land

Open-minded and inclusive spirit

And time goes to today

Such a "Treasure Ningxia"

It is also worth our exploration and protection.

04

end

The West Wind

Inside and outside the Great Wall

The magnificent walls once guarded by thousands of soldiers

Gradually returning to the wilderness

The heroic spirit of the warriors

Disappeared in the sand

(Helan Mountain and the Great Wall, photographer @郭志洪, tagged @王申雯/Planetary Research Institute)

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October 25, 1958

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established

There are nearly 300,000 movable and immovable cultural relics here

All have new belonging

(The Western Xia Mausoleum under renovation, photographer @赵润宏)

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Every bit of history left

Carefully cared for and preserved

(Cultural relic restoration scene, picture from @Planet Research Institute)

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When we look back at the Yinchuan Plain

Ningxia people will put their history of struggle

Engraved on the Earth

Behind the seemingly ordinary fields

It is a miracle of "opening up new land" by generations of people.

(Ningxia Yinchuan Plain, photographer @陈剑峰, tagged @王申雯/Planet Research Institute)

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As we walk through the Helan Mountains

The traces on the rock wall are still clear

Like a time corridor

The faces that our ancestors drew based on their own

Still the same as thousands of years ago

As if from them to us

Just a flick of the finger

(Helan Mountain Rock Paintings, Photographer @Forgetful Travel Photography World)

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When we walked into the museum in Ningxia

War on the Frontier

The rich source of irrigation canals

The collision and fusion of nationalities

Re-emerging from history

Presented before our eyes

This speechless land

The Yellow River's majesty

The majesty of the Great Wall and the romance of civilization

Should never be ignored

This is the story of Ningxia

66,400 square kilometers of treasure

(Sumi Mountain Grottoes Cave No. 51, which was first built in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, is the largest in scale in Mount Xumi. The Buddha statues in the cave are well preserved. There are 7 statues in total, each of which is more than 6 meters high. Photographer @李文博)

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This article was created by

Written by: Xia Ning

Editor: Director

Image: Daytime sleep

Map: Zhang Wei

Design: Wang Shenwen, Zheng Borong

Cover source: Chen Jianfeng

Proofreading: Chen Jingyi, Ruozijun, Lushumao

This article was specially produced by the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Department of Culture and Tourism

【References】

[1] Ningxia General History Compilation Committee. Ningxia General History[M]. Fangzhi Publishing House, 2010.

[2]Xue Zhengchang. Oasis of Yellow River Civilization: Historical and Cultural Geography of Ningxia[M]. Ningxia People's Publishing House, 2007.

[3] Guo Laixi and Liu Yi (eds.). The Epic of the Yellow River: The Style of the Great Yellow River·Ningxia Volume[M]. Science Press, 2010.

Planetary Research Institute

Focus on exploring the extreme world from a geographical perspective

···THE END···