National Children's Vaccination Day丨Recommend collection! Here is a complete guide to children's vaccinations

April 25, 2023 is the 37th "National Children's Vaccination Day". This year's publicity theme is "Active vaccination, share a healthy life".

It aims to enable the public to better understand the importance of vaccination and understand the important role of vaccination in controlling infectious diseases and protecting the lives and health of the people.

What is vaccination?

Vaccination is the process of artificially inoculating a small amount of bacteria or viruses and their metabolites that have been attenuated or inactivated into humans, causing the body to produce specific antibodies or cellular immune responses , thereby developing resistance to the pathogen.

Why do children need vaccinations?

After leaving the mother's body, babies are susceptible to various bacterial and viral infections in the external environment. In addition, the functions of infants' organs are not fully developed, and their ability to resist diseases is weak. Vaccination can make children produce antibodies to resist the corresponding diseases , enhance immunity, and thus achieve the purpose of preventing diseases.

What is the difference between immunization program vaccines and non-immunization program vaccines?

Immunization program vaccines: also known as free vaccines. They are vaccines included in the national immunization program. Infants and young children must be vaccinated after birth. Class I vaccines are free. Class I vaccines include BCG, hepatitis B vaccine, polio vaccine, DPT vaccine, measles vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, etc.

Non-immunization program vaccines: also known as self-paid vaccines. They refer to vaccines that citizens receive at their own expense and voluntarily.

Should children be given non-immunisation program vaccines?

Many parents may have this idea: free vaccines require multiple injections, and if children are given self-paid vaccines, they will have to get many injections, which is a bit distressing.

Yes, parents will definitely have this mentality. The editor suggests that you can choose to vaccinate your child with the pentavalent vaccine , which can save your child 8 shots and prevent five diseases.

The pentavalent vaccine requires a total of 4 injections. Compared with conventional vaccines (a total of 10 injections and 2 oral doses), if your baby chooses to receive the pentavalent vaccine, you can reduce 8 vaccinations and suffer 8 fewer doses of pain and adverse reactions caused by vaccination . It can also reduce the risk of infection from 8 visits to the hospital, saving the whole family from running 8 times to the vaccination site. Under what circumstances should vaccination be postponed?

1. Children with severe dermatitis, eczema and purulent skin diseases at the vaccination site should be vaccinated after recovery.

2. Children with a fever exceeding 37.5℃ should wait until they recover before being vaccinated, because fever is an early symptom of many acute diseases.

3. Children with severe heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease, or tuberculosis have weak constitutions and are at risk of infection after vaccination, so vaccination should be postponed.

4. People with neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, should also postpone vaccination.

5. Children with severe malnutrition, severe rickets, or congenital immunodeficiency should postpone vaccination.

6. Children with diarrhea should not be vaccinated and should wait until they recover from the disease.

What should I pay attention to when getting vaccinated?

Preparation before vaccination:

(1) Parents should observe their baby’s physical condition before vaccination. If the baby has any disease or is obviously feeling unwell, such as fever, cough, diarrhea, etc., parents should promptly report this to the doctor and choose to postpone the vaccination.

(2) Carefully read the “Informed Consent Form” for the relevant vaccine on the day of vaccination.

(3) Try not to get vaccinated on an empty stomach or when you are hungry.

Things to note after vaccination:

(1) After vaccination, you need to stay for 30 minutes for observation. Try not to eat during the observation period to observe whether there is any acute allergic reaction. Before leaving, you should also check whether there is bleeding at the vaccination site and whether there is local redness or swelling.

(2) Try not to eat hot food within half an hour after taking polio vaccine or oral rotavirus vaccine.

Vaccination should never be advanced, but can be postponed under special circumstances. If more than two national immunization vaccines are needed at the same time, different sites should be chosen as much as possible.

What reactions may occur after vaccination?

Vaccines are foreign substances. When vaccines are injected into the body, certain reactions may occur, such as local redness, swelling, heat, pain or fever. Generally, no treatment is required. You only need to rest properly, drink plenty of water, keep warm, and prevent other secondary diseases. If there is a more serious systemic reaction, symptomatic treatment can be taken. If the high fever persists or is accompanied by complications, seek medical attention in time.

Recommended vaccination schedules for children and adults

Vaccination promotion song

Parents of children should listen carefully and remember the vaccination information;

If you want your baby to be healthy forever, you must take preventive measures in time.

According to the immunization schedule, vaccination is essential;

Hepatitis B vaccine is given at birth to prevent mother-to-child transmission.

BCG vaccination in the left arm to prevent tuberculosis;

The second hepatitis B shot in January, remember the interval.

Sugar pill seedlings are planted in February to prevent polio;

The seedlings must be taken with cold boiled water and the baby can be fed after one hour.

The first injection of the triple combination in March, the second sugar pill is given;

The second injection of the triple combination in April, and the third dose of sugar pills completed.

The triple injection was completed in May, one vaccine prevents three diseases;

After the hepatitis B vaccination is completed at the age of six months, the immunization program cannot be changed.

It is important to prevent leprosy at the age of eight months;

Don’t forget to take precautions against Japanese encephalitis in August, and strengthen your baby’s health when he or she turns two

Group A meningococcal disease is given at six months of age, with an interval of three months;

The A+C group is three years old, and strengthening is required at six years old.

The first vaccination against Japanese encephalitis is given at eight months of age, and it must be reinforced after two years of age;

To prevent hepatitis A, measles, mumps and rubella, vaccination is recommended after one and a half years old.

There is also a DPT triple vaccine, which needs to be strengthened at the age of one and a half years;

Hepatitis A booster at two years old, and diabetic pertussis bivalent vaccine at six years old.

Sugar pill reinforcement needs to be remembered, and reinforcement at the age of four is very important;

After completing basic immunization, don’t forget to get the initial booster shot.

It is not difficult to eradicate polio by following the procedure to vaccinate all the vaccines;

Immunization schedule, really good for children.

Don't forget to apply for a vaccination certificate, there are many benefits to vaccination with a certificate;

Please keep this certificate properly, as it is essential for admission to kindergarten and school.

Rabies is really scary, and once it breaks out there is no cure;

Early prevention of animal scratches and bites requires five shots of rabies vaccine.

As autumn turns to winter and the weather gets colder, be careful of influenza;

Get the flu vaccine in advance and keep warm to resist the cold.

Parents, please don't be careless, vaccination is very important;

It is often said that no matter what happens, don't be sick, health is the capital.

For a healthy baby, let's work together;

Revitalize the nation and make it prosperous, with each generation stronger than the previous one.

Source: China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Basic Public Health Service Project Promotion Platform

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