The temperature has dropped! These infectious diseases are entering their peak period. How can we prevent them scientifically?

The weather turns from hot to cold

It seems like it happened overnight.

Fewer warriors wearing short sleeves

It's not uncommon to see people wearing cotton jackets on the street

Highlight a cold one that caught you off guard

Autumn and winter are not just about wearing thick clothes

Many infectious diseases are also beginning to emerge

If you don't pay attention, one will spread all over the place

It is urgent to start the autumn and winter defense mode!

influenza

Influenza, also known as the flu, is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza A and B viruses.

For ordinary people, the most important thing to know about the difference between influenza and the common cold is that influenza is more harmful than the common cold!

A common cold will not cause any serious problems and will heal itself in about a week. However, influenza may cause complications such as viral pneumonia and encephalopathy, and may even be life-threatening for some people who already have poor health.

Influenza is mainly transmitted through droplets, and infection can also be caused by contact with objects contaminated by the virus. In some poorly ventilated places, influenza can also be transmitted in the form of aerosols.

Image source: Photo Network

Common symptoms:

You will feel weak at first, and soon thereafter you will experience systemic poisoning symptoms such as high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and you may also experience digestive tract symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea.

If viral pneumonia occurs, respiratory failure or other organ failure may occur in severe cases.

tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can attack multiple organs, but pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common. The "tuberculosis" that often appears in books and on TV refers to tuberculosis.

Image source: Photo Network

Tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through droplets. Tuberculosis patients may spread tuberculosis bacteria to others and cause infection when they cough, sneeze, spit, or talk at close range.

Almost everyone is at risk of being infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not everyone will develop the disease. Only under the influence of factors such as reduced resistance will they develop the disease and show symptoms.

Common symptoms:

The main symptoms are respiratory tract symptoms, such as cough, sputum, hemoptysis, chest pain, and difficulty breathing; they may also be accompanied by other physical symptoms, such as low-grade fever in the afternoon, night sweats, fatigue, and menstrual disorders in women.

Mumps

Mumps, commonly known as "mumps", is an acute infection caused by the mumps virus and is more common in children and adolescents.

Image source: Photo Network

Similar to influenza, it may also cause many complications, such as viral encephalitis, orchitis, and oophoritis.

Although mumps is prevalent in all seasons, it is especially common in winter and spring. With a drop in temperature like the recent one, we need to be careful, as direct contact, droplets, and saliva may all be routes of transmission.

Common symptoms:

The base of one or both earlobes is swollen and tender, and the pain worsens when chewing. There is usually a fever symptom.

If there are no complications, recovery usually takes about a week.

chicken pox

Chickenpox often occurs more in infants and children, but if adults get the disease, the symptoms will be more serious than in children!

Image source: Photo Network

Chickenpox patients are the only source of infection for the disease. Respiratory droplets and direct contact may infect others, so if you are sick, it is best to self-isolate.

Common symptoms:

In the early stage, fever is the main symptom, which may be accompanied by headache, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms, followed by the appearance of large numbers of systemic red maculopapular rashes, blisters and scabs.

1. Wash your hands and clean frequently to maintain personal hygiene and a clean environment;

2. Pay attention to protection in public places, wear a mask, and avoid touching your eyes, mouth and nose after touching public items;

3. During the peak season in autumn and winter, try to avoid crowded places;

4. High-risk groups such as the elderly, children, and patients with chronic diseases can receive corresponding vaccines;

5. Increase exercise, eat a balanced diet and maintain a healthy lifestyle to enhance your body’s resistance to viruses.

Various viruses are active in autumn and winter

High incidence of infectious diseases

But the best treatment is always prevention

Everyone must pay attention to their health

About autumn and winter health issues

Is there anything else you want to know?

Feel free to ask questions in the comments section

Statement: This article is a medical-related educational popular science article. It does not involve specific treatment methods or medical behaviors and cannot replace hospital visits.

Experts who reviewed this article

References

[1] Wang Xiuli. Analysis of epidemic characteristics and prevention and control of influenza[J]. Electronic Journal of Clinical Medical Literature, 2019, 6(54): 24. DOI: 10.16281/j.cnki.jocml.2019.54.018.

[2] Yang Lingwen. Study on the preventive measures and effects of pulmonary tuberculosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Health, 2022, 37(08): 148-150. DOI: 10.16286/j.1003-5052.2022.08.056.

[3] Cheng Xin. Analysis of the prevention, control, diagnosis and treatment effects of varicella[J]. Chinese Community Physician, 2020, 36(13): 174+178.

[4] Wang Xiaoting, Li Mingchun. Research progress on epidemiological characteristics and immune prevention of mumps[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health Management, 2023, 39(04): 537-539+543. DOI: 10.19568/j.cnki.23-1318.2023.04.0025.