I may not want to live, but there must be no problems with my medical examination reports!

The annual physical examination season is here

“When I was a kid, I was afraid of report cards.

I grew up afraid of the medical examination report."

Many people once saw

Abnormalities in the physical examination report

I started to get crazy anxious

(Especially after searching on Baidu)

Should I have a recheck?

Am I dying?

After reading this article

Teach you how to understand the physical examination report!

Flow-saving version:

● If the doctor says you must see a doctor immediately, you should take your physical examination report to a specialist for a follow-up examination.

● If it says "elective follow-up", it means that the indicators are a little abnormal and need to be observed regularly.

● “Regular follow-up” is slightly lower than the review level.

Routine blood examination focuses on the "three lines" : red blood cells (responsible for oxygen transport), white blood cells (responsible for immune response), and platelets (responsible for stopping blood clotting).

Source: People's Daily

Cholesterol isn't all bad.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol can protect blood vessels, so an increase in it is not a bad thing. If low-density or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is high, it indicates that your lifestyle needs to be improved.

Increased total cholesterol and triglycerides: A low-fat, low-sterol diet is recommended, and blood lipids and liver B-ultrasound should be checked every 3 to 6 months.

Dyslipidemia may also be related to genetic factors, and active drug treatment can be carried out under the advice of a professional doctor.

Normal urine is light yellow and clear. Dark tea color, soy sauce color, etc. indicate that the urine may be abnormal.

The normal range of urine pH is 4.5-8, but pathological changes in pH are often caused by acidosis and other conditions. People undergoing routine physical examinations do not need to worry too much about changes in pH.

Positive urine ketone bodies are mostly caused by fat metabolites produced in fasting and hungry states.

Positive urobilinogen and urobilirubin may also be related to some blood system diseases and do not necessarily represent liver disease. They must be viewed in conjunction with blood indicators and abdominal ultrasound.

Positive urine protein may be related to mental stress, strenuous exercise, pregnancy, nephritis, and urinary tract infection.

When people with no blood sugar problems have positive urine glucose , they should pay attention to check whether there is a problem with the renal tubular reabsorption capacity. Patients with hypertension and diabetes are advised to regularly do urine ACR tests to detect urine microalbumin in order to detect early kidney damage and adjust medication in time.

Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacterium in the stomach that is associated with the incidence of gastritis, gastric ulcers, gastric cancer and gastric lymphoma, but there is still controversy as to whether it should be eradicated.

Current infection testing includes urea breath test, stool antigen and endoscopic urease test; infection trace testing requires blood drawing to detect antibodies. When the blood antibody is positive, it means that you have been infected with Helicobacter pylori.

In general, people with gastric diseases must undergo bactericidal treatment . The most commonly used is quadruple therapy, which is to take two antibiotics, bismuth, and acid suppressants for about 2 weeks. It should be noted that there must be evidence of current infection before deciding on treatment.

The commonly used tumor markers are PSA (prostate-specific antigen), AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), and CA199 and CA125 of the carbohydrate antigen CA series. Some indicators whose names have nothing to do with tumors may also be related to tumors, such as ferritin, M protein, HCG, etc.

1

Men over 40 can screen for prostate cancer by regularly testing their PSA levels.

2

People with a history of chronic hepatitis and increased risk of liver cancer should have their AFP tested regularly.

3

People with a family history of hereditary tumors or increased risk of ovarian cancer or pancreatic cancer can regularly test CA125 and CA199.

It should be noted that there is a correlation between tumor markers and tumors, but if you have a tumor, the tumor markers may not be elevated, and elevated markers do not necessarily mean that you have a tumor . When tumor markers increase significantly and continue to increase, it is often necessary to combine imaging examinations to look for possible tumors.

"Sinus rhythm" is a normal condition. Sinus arrhythmia is often common among young people, but if there are no obvious symptoms such as palpitations, no special treatment is generally required.

The heart beats regularly, but if it suddenly beats prematurely, it is called premature beats (premature beats). Normal people can be caused by emotional excitement, nervousness, fatigue, indigestion, excessive smoking, drinking, strong tea, etc.

If premature beats occur frequently and are accompanied by chest tightness, shortness of breath, or if you have other heart disease, you need to go to the cardiology department for evaluation in time.

01

Breast hyperplasia

For some women with breast hyperplasia, the breast hyperplasia can be relieved on its own after 1-2 years. Most of the symptoms are mild and do not require treatment. If the symptoms are obvious, you can go to a breast and thyroid specialist for treatment.

The occurrence of breast hyperplasia is also closely related to mental factors. It is recommended to maintain a happy mood, stable emotions, combine work and rest, and avoid tension and anxiety.

02

Prostatic hyperplasia

Prostatic hyperplasia is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly men, and is more common in those over 50 years old. The incidence rate gradually increases with age. Frequent urination, urgency, and difficulty urinating are early symptoms. As prostatic hyperplasia worsens, urine interruption, thinning, dripping, increased nocturia, and urine retention may occur.

Image source: Beijing Medical Network

01

Pulmonary nodules

Pulmonary nodules are lesions caused by inflammatory or non-inflammatory reasons. On CT examination, they appear as focal, nearly circular lung shadows no larger than 3 cm. Most of them are benign.

If this word appears in your medical examination report, you need to pay attention to the following:

● Density: Depending on whether blood vessels and bronchial shadows can be observed, it can be divided into pure ground glass nodules, partially solid nodules and solid nodules;

● Size: Those with a diameter of less than 5 mm are considered micropulmonary nodules, and those with a diameter of 5 to 10 mm are considered small nodules;

● Other descriptions: such as the border shape of the nodule, etc. If lobulation, spiculation, pleural indentation, vascular clustering signs, etc. are present, further examination by a specialist such as a respiratory or thoracic surgeon is required.

In addition, whether the patient smokes, whether there is a family history of lung cancer, and whether there is adverse respiratory exposure in the working environment can all provide references for the diagnosis of the disease. The doctor will formulate different follow-up intervals based on the above situations. If the nodules increase in size or the solid components increase during the observation process, you should be highly vigilant.

02

Thyroid nodules

According to the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS), thyroid nodules of category 1 to 3 are benign and can be checked during annual physical examinations; the risk of malignancy for nodules of category 4 and above gradually increases.

If the thyroid ultrasound examination results show words such as low echo, aspect ratio greater than 1, irregular borders, gravel-like calcification, or suspected metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes, you need to be vigilant.

It is recommended to seek further evaluation from an endocrinologist. Nodules larger than 1 cm can undergo puncture biopsy or surgical treatment if necessary.

03

Breast nodules

Similar to thyroid nodules, most breast nodules are benign. Benign nodules generally have clear boundaries and regular shapes, while suspected malignant masses have unclear boundaries, irregular shapes, aspect ratios greater than 1, or small calcifications, some of which are crab-shaped.

According to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), breast nodules of categories 1 to 3 are mainly benign nodules and can be reviewed during annual physical examinations; the risk of malignancy of category 4 and above will gradually increase, and you should follow the advice of a specialist and undergo mammography, breast MRI or puncture examinations, and determine the treatment plan based on the test results.

Judging whether polyps will turn into cancer is more complicated than nodules. Therefore, polyps (especially gastrointestinal polyps) often need to be "cut first and consult later", or a small piece of tissue needs to be taken for pathological analysis under a microscope.

＊The type of polyp will be indicated on the "Pathology Report"

Image source: Beijing Medical Network

It often appears on the liver, kidneys and ovaries. The chance of simple cysts becoming cancerous is very low. Small cysts with no symptoms generally do not require treatment. However, if the cysts are too large, too many or in a special location, compressing large blood vessels or organs or rupturing and infecting, and causing symptoms, then treatment is required.

01

Liver cysts

Small cysts are asymptomatic and only require regular checkups; if the diameter is larger than 5 cm and symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloating occur, treatment is required.

02

Kidney cyst

Simple cysts smaller than 5 cm only require regular checkups; for cysts larger than 5 cm or accompanied by symptoms of lower back and abdominal pain, cyst fluid extraction may be considered for treatment; surgical treatment is recommended for cysts larger than 10 cm; patients with polycystic kidney disease need to actively seek medical treatment; complex cysts with multiple chambers, septa, calcification, solid components, etc. shown on CT or B-ultrasound require further treatment.

03

Ovarian cysts

Generally, ovarian cysts can be rechecked with ultrasound 4 to 5 days after the next menstrual period. If the cyst disappears, it is fine. If the following situations occur, you need to see a doctor in time to clarify the cause and treatment plan:

● Ovarian cysts are larger than 5 cm in diameter;

● The cyst has not disappeared or shrunk during follow-up examination;

● Ultrasound revealed that the cyst had solid components or abundant blood flow;

● Ovarian cysts found in postmenopausal women;

● Diagnosed as chocolate cyst.

Reference sources: People's Daily, CCTV-1, Life Times

Science Popularization China, Healthy China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Guokr, Xinhua News Agency

Compiled by: Dong Xiaoxian