Which of the “nodules”, “cysts” and “hyperplasia” in the physical examination report require special attention?

Many friends are confused after receiving the medical examination report: what are lung nodules, thyroid nodules, breast nodules, liver cysts, kidney cysts... These words seem like the "hieroglyphics" of the medical world. Today, let's talk about whether these "nodules", "cysts" and "hyperplasia" found in the physical examination are really a scourge, and in which situations we need to be vigilant.

Lung nodules: Don’t panic! More than 90% are benign

When doctors mention lung nodules, many people's first reaction is lung cancer. In fact, there is no need to be so nervous. Most lung nodules (more than 90%) are not cancer. They may be traces of previous pneumonia or tuberculosis infection, or they may be caused by inhaling foreign matter in the air.

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For lung nodules smaller than 5 mm , surgery is usually not required. Instead, a high-resolution thin-layer CT scan of the chest is recommended once a year to observe whether the nodules have changed.

Thyroid nodules: malignancy rate is only 5%-10%

In recent years, with the advancement of examination methods, more and more people have found that they have thyroid nodules. However, the good news is that among many thyroid nodules, only 5% to 10% are malignant.

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Therefore, for nodules that have been confirmed to be benign, unless they greatly affect the appearance or cause discomfort such as throat pressure , surgical treatment is generally not required. However, if the examination report shows unclear boundaries, calcification, cystic nodules, low echo , etc., you should consult a specialist as soon as possible.

Breast nodules: understanding BI-RADS grading

When it comes to breast problems, many female friends will feel very worried. In fact, "breast nodules" is not a specific disease name, but a morphological change observed under imaging examination. It may be benign breast hyperplasia, cysts, fibroadenomas, or breast cancer.

To help you better understand the report content, here is a brief introduction to the commonly used BI-RADS grading system:

BI-RADS category 1: normal.

BI-RADS category 2: benign finding, no need to worry.

BI-RADS Category 3: Mostly benign, with a malignancy rate of less than 2%, and regular follow-up is sufficient.

BI-RADS category 4 and above: There are varying degrees of suspicion and further examination or even biopsy may be required.

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Finally, let’s talk about breast hyperplasia, which is a common benign lesion in women. It usually does not require special treatment. It is enough to keep a happy mood, do regular self-examinations and follow up as ordered by your doctor.

Liver and kidney cysts: mostly harmless

In fact, a cyst is a kind of blister. Whether it is a liver cyst or a kidney cyst, in most cases it is benign and will not cause much impact on the body.

Especially for small cysts with a diameter of less than 5 cm , regular check-ups are usually sufficient every six months to a year . However, if the cyst grows rapidly or is accompanied by symptoms such as pain , you should seek medical attention immediately.

Prostate enlargement: a common problem for older men

For men, prostate hyperplasia is a problem that gradually emerges as they age. Up to 60% of men over 60 years old suffer from this disease. Timely intervention can effectively control the progression of the disease and prevent it from causing more serious complications.

In general, nodules, cysts, and hyperplasia on the physical examination report are not all bad news. In most cases, they are benign and only require regular follow-up and observation. Of course, if there are some words that need to be vigilant in the report, it is very necessary to consult a specialist in time for further examination and treatment.