In "Nezha 2", Ao Bing defeated Shen Gongbao's father with this "cold" knowledge! Cultivating immortals also requires science!

In "Nezha: The Devil Boy Conquers the Dragon King", Ao Bing and Shen Zhengdao (Shen Gongbao's father) fought fiercely under a waterfall. Shen Zhengdao turned into electricity and rushed through the water, catching Ao Bing off guard. In order to limit his movement speed, Ao Bing used the principle that ice does not conduct electricity to instantly freeze the water into ice, successfully reversing the situation!

Why does water stop conducting electricity when it turns into ice?

Pure water itself is an extremely weak electrolyte , only weakly ionizing into H+ (hydrogen ions) and OH- (hydroxyl ions). The degree of ionization is extremely low, so its conductivity is almost negligible.

However, water in nature usually contains impurities (such as dissolved salts, minerals, etc.). These impurities are ionized in the water, releasing a large number of free ions, which greatly enhances the conductivity of the water.

When water freezes into ice, the ions are "locked"!

When water freezes into ice, the water molecules form a regular crystal structure through hydrogen bonds . The molecules are arranged tightly and fixed. The ions that were originally free to move are "locked" in the crystal lattice, and their mobility is reduced, resulting in a significant decrease in electrical conductivity, making pure ice almost an insulator.

Hexagonal crystal structure of ice, red represents oxygen atoms and white represents hydrogen atoms. Source: Wikipedia

The formation of electric current requires the directional movement of free charges.

However, if the ice contains impurities, some of the impurity ions can still move in the lattice gaps, making the ice somewhat conductive. For example, sea ice has a higher conductivity than pure ice because of its salt content.

Therefore, conductivity: natural water >> ice with impurities > pure ice ≈ insulator.

In the movie, Ao Bing and Shen Zhengdao fight

It is not only a battle of magic, but also a contest of physics!

——When cultivating immortality, we must also use science!

Planning & Author: Little Dandelion

Acknowledgements: Wu Yang, Associate Professor of the School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering at Shanghai University, provided scientific guidance for this article

Note: The cover and unmarked images in the article are from the official Weibo of the movie "Nezha: The Devil Boy Conquers the Dragon King"