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Well-known ferocious beasts in nature
1. African elephant African elephants are the largest land mammals, exhibiting sexual dimorphism (males and females differ in size and phys...
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Characteristics of worms
More than 300 years ago, in the 18th century, the systematic classification of biology was still very incomplete. Linna...
Habits and classification of brachiopods
Brachiopods are a large group of shelled invertebrates that live on the seabed. Their two shells are different sizes an...
Evolution of ancient bryophytes
Bryozoans are quite different from mosses! They are a group of tiny, primitive aquatic social animals. However, their b...
Algae in modern ecosystems
Algae are a lower form of plant. They are incredibly diverse, with an estimated 18,000 species belonging to the green a...
Mollusks: A History Through the Ages
Mollusks are a very large and diverse group of invertebrates, with over 120,000 species discovered, including modern an...
Evolutionary history of echinoderms
In an aquarium, the colorful fish and the myriad of other aquatic animals will surely dazzle and overwhelm you. However...
The Cambrian Trilobite World
As early as the Chongzhen era of the Ming Dynasty, more than 300 years ago, a man named Zhang Huadong discovered a &quo...
The Origin of Insects (The Earliest Flyers)
The oldest insect fossil is a wingless collider found in Middle Devonian strata dating back 350 million years. This ins...
How did insects evolve their wings?
Fossil evidence suggests that the earliest winged insects appeared in the Late Carboniferous period, approximately 300 ...
The morphology and life of graptolites (representative of ancient hemoteric animals)
Hemichordates, also known as cryptochordates, all live in the ocean. Their most distinctive features are a dorsal nerve...
The earliest land-based "producers"
While analyzing Late Ordovician paleosols from Pennsylvania, American paleobotanist Jean Letariak discovered fossilized...
Ferns are plants whose leaves resemble sheep's teeth.
Modern ferns have leaves that resemble sheep's teeth, so the earliest scientists to study them aptly named them &qu...
Gymnosperms are plants with naked seeds.
When Paleozoic ferns formed the first primeval forests on Earth, gymnosperms, more advanced than ferns, had already qui...
Not all plants that have flowers are "flowering plants".
If you visit a botanical garden, you'll surely be captivated by the diverse and vibrant flowers. Every spring, the ...
Morphology and structure of conodonts
Around the world, scientists have discovered numerous tiny fossils in various marine strata from the Cambrian to the Tr...
